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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRKT 

WUSTER.N.Y.  14SS0 

(716)  •73-4503 


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■^z.^ 

^  ^ 


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CIHM/iCMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/iCIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  IHistorical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  biblicgraphiques 


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tot 


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aox 

a4x 

28X 

32X 

'e 

6tails 
IS  du 
lodifier 
r  une 
Image 


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empreinte. 

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symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

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de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  6  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nicessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


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HOW    TO    KNOW 


Tin; 


SHORE  BIRDS 


(LIMICOL/fi) 
OF 


NORTH    AMERICA 


(SOUTH  UF  GREENLAND  AND  ALASKA) 


Al,l.    IHK    SI'bXIKS    IlKINi;    i  iKori'KD    ArCOKlJlM.    Kt    Sl/K    AMI    TOI.OK 


HY 

CHARLES   B.  CORY 

Curator  of  the  IXpailmeiit  of  Ornitlioloi^'  in  the  Field  Columbian  Museum,  Chiea^i;o:  Fello-o  of  the 

Liiiii,raii  and  /.ooloxieal  Societies  of  London:  Member  of  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union, 

and  of  the   British   Ornithologists'   Union  :    Honorary   Membet  of  the  California 

Academy  of  Scitnces;  Cor.  Member  New  York  Academy  of  Sciences,  etc.,  etc. 


Author  oi-"Tiik  Ukautii  ui.  and  Curious  Birds  oi  the  World,"  "The  Birds  ok  the  Bahama 

Islands,"    'The  Birds  ok  Haiti   and  San   Domingo,"  "The  Birds  ok  the  West 

Indies,"  "A  Natiralist   in  the  Magdalen   Islands,"  "Hunting   and 

KisiiiNc  IN  Florida,"  "  Key  to  ihe  Water  Birds  ok  Florida," 

"  How  TO  KNOW  THE  DuCKS,  GeESE  AND  SWANS,"  EIC,  ETC. 


*  FOK    SAI.F.    RV 

LiriLE,    BROWN    &    CO 
15  O  S  r  O  N 

1897 


ViC TOR!A,  B.  C. 


1> 


('Ol'VlllliHTKK, 
CIIA  HI.KS    U.    (OK  V 
llOSTON, 
18U7. 


AI.IKKII  MTKOK  iM   SON,    I'lllNTKKS, 
24  KKANKLIN   STHKKT. 


I 


CONTENTS. 


I'llKKACK        .....••■••■• 

How    Tt)     MK.AHIliK     A     IllllD      ...•••••• 

(Jl.OSSAltV      ....••••••■' 

ISllKX     TO    KkV        .....•••••• 

Kk.V    to    TIIK     SllOItl.     Ullil.W    OF    NoltTII     Ami:I!I<  A      KNOWN    TO    0(  «  lH    Sol  Til    o 
(IWKKNI.ANIl     AND     Al.ASKA  ....•••• 

(iRon-  1.     HinlH  liaviii":  wiii«r8  iiH'iiHiirinjj  from  :{.2.")  to  ;1.7')  inclii'H  loi)<r 


2. 
». 


"  ;?.7r)  to  l.aO 

"  i,r»(»  to  .'».')<» 

•'  '».r»(i  to  (i.7'» 

"■  ('..To  to  '.• 

"  '.»  to  1*2 


Family    Thai  Aitoi'oi>ii».i..     Tlu-  riuilaioiu's    . 

Hkci'uviko«tiiii>.i..     Till'  Avocots  ami  Stilts 
"        Sr<»i.oi'A<ii>.i..     Tlu'  Sniju's,  SaiidpiiMTs.  otc. 

»•  CllAUAIMMIO.K.        'I'llO   riOVCrS      . 

AniiMZio.K.     TIh'  Surf  IJinln  and  Tmnstouos 

"        Il.KMATOi ID.K.     Till' ()y  tor  CatchiMs     . 

»*        .Iacamd.k.     The  .lafamis 
Index         


l-AtiK 

') 

7 

9 

11 

13 

13 

U 

16 

21 

24 

•2H 

31 

35 

38 

71 

7'.» 

82 

«•) 

87 


'.^".IS 


PREFACE. 


« 


'Pile  iufsciil  work  is  iiitt'iitlfd  to  mccl  tlic  wuil  of  :i  liiriff  miiiiiIht  of  |)frsoiis, 
I'siu'ciiillv  s|i()rlsiin'ii.  who  air  iiittTt'slcd  in  liinls  miuI  >iiI<1  likr  lu  know  tlicir  hmmics, 
lint  oft.  n  linil  it  no  rjisy  Ifisk  to  identify  tlu'in  I'V  llif  ■•  binl  hooks."  To  nil  siicli  I 
otTcr  this  Kev.  in  wliicli  tlu"  s|nM'it's  arc  iiiT:in;.nil  in  iiroiips  ncconlinir  to  si/«',  snid 
lii'licvi-  it  will  cniiMt'  any  one  nnfaniiliar  witli  birds  to  identify  witli  comparative  ease 
aiiv  species  of  oiii'  North  .\nierican  Shore  llirds. 

JJirdH  vary  so  nnicli  in  si/e  tliat  llie  li'iiijl/i  of  any  one  specimen  cannot  l-e  accepted 
an  a  standard  for  others  of  the  same  species.  The  len<j;th  measnre  is,  nevertheless, 
of  vaine  to  enable  ns  to  form  an  approximate  idesi  of  the  si/e  of  the  liird.  'I'he  leiijitli 
of  the  irni(i  is.  however,  mneh  less  variable,  and  is  an  important  aid  to  the  identitiea- 
tion  of  many  species.  In  fact,  the  variation  is  so  small  and  constant  that,  allowin}: 
for  possible  extremes,  they  may  be  arranjred  in  ^ronps  accordin;r  to  lenjrth  of  winji. 
The  i<lentilieatioii  of  any  species  then  becomes  a  very  sinijile  matter,  as  usually  the 
birds  contained  in  each  <iroiip  are  so  few  in  nnndier  that  characteristic  differences  in 
oacli  species  are  easily  indicated. 

Let  ns  assume,  for  example,  we  have  before  us  a  bird  which  we  wish  to  identify. 
Wo  first  measure  the  winjj;  (see  directions  for  measurements,  illustrated,  pa<ie  7).  We 
litid  the  wiufj;  measures  nine  inches  lony;.  We  m)W  turn  to  the  '-Index  to  Key" 
(pa<re  12),  and  tind  that  (iroup  0  contains  birds  haviiifi-  the  win«>'  measuriuff  from  nine 
to  twelve  inches  lon«;,  and  is  dividi-d  into  three  sections;  Sections  1  and  2  compris- 
iii"'  l)irds  havinji  four  toes,  and  Se<'tion  .'>,  birds  with  three  toes,  (hir  bird  has  four 
toes,  so  we  U>ok  for  it  under  Section  1  or  2.  We  lind  that  birds  under  Section  1  have 
the  bill  curved  downward,  and  Itirds  under  Section  2  have  tiie  bill  curved  upward,  or 
nearly  straight.  Our  bird  has  the  bill  curved  downward.  We  therefore  look  for  it 
under  Section  1 .  We  find  but  two  birds  included  under  Section  1  ;  one  with  axillars 
reddish  brown,  marked  with  black,  and  the  other  having  the  axillars  banded  with  slaty 


6 


PREFACE. 


brown  ond  dull  white.  As  the  bird  before  us  has  slaty  browu  axMUars  banded  with 
dull  white,  it  must  be  tlie  Hudsonian  Curlew,  Xumetu'iis  hiKlsoiiinin.  The  axillary 
plumes  are  often  a  very  important  aid  in  determininjf  ii  si)eeies.  and  the  hefjinner 
shoidd  learn  where  to  look  for  tiiem  and  to  recognize  them  at  a  glance.  (See  cut, 
page  10.) 

All  measurements  of  birds  are  given  in  inches  and  fractions  of  an  inch.  The 
following  diagrams  will  illustrate  iiow  a  bird  siiould  l»e  measinvd.  and  tlie  clnirt  (page 
10)  will  lie  useful  to  tiie  young  student  of  ornithology  wiio  may  not  l)c  familiar  with 
the  technical  terms  used  in  describing  birds.  Sucii  terms  as  i)rimaries  and  axiilars 
should  i)e  learned  at  once.  It  is  customary  to  indicate  the  sexes  \>\  the  signs  of 
Mars  and  Venus;  the  male,  of  course,  being  given  that  of  Mars,  $,  and  the  fenude, 
Venus,  9 . 

In  preparing  the  Key,  a  large  number  of  birds  were  examined  and  measured.  In 
this  connection,  my  thanks  are  due  to  Dr.  .1.  A.  Allen,  of  the  .Vmerican  .Museum  of 
Natural  History;  and  to  .Mr.  Robert  Kidgway,  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute,  for  the 
loan  of  many  specimens  for  examination;  and  especially  to  Mr.  William  Hrewster, 
for  free  access  to  his  magnilicent  collection  in  Cambridge. 

The  illustrations  are  the  work  of  .Mr.  Edward  Knobel. 


CIIAKMvS    H.    COHY 


HosTON.  Mass..  .Tiiiji-  -20.   1S!I7. 


HOW  TO  MEASURE  A  BIRD. 


Length 


Wing 


(.7) 


MOAV    TO    MKAsritK    A    ItlKD. 


4* 


WiiKj.  Distance  from  carpal  joint  ('  (licndof  wing)  to  tlic  tip  of  liu'  loiiiivst  pri- 
mary I).     Sec  cnt  on  pap;i'  7. 

Lt'iKjtli.  Distance  in  a  straijiiit  line  from  tiic  e-id  of  tlic  hill  to  tlie  tip  of  tlie  Ion<>;est 
tail  feather.  (Occasionally  the  middle  tVatiiers  :\vv  miicli  elongated,  as 
in  the  Old  Sqnaw  «nd  Pintail  Duck,  and  in  other  famiMes  of  Ijirds,  sncli 
as  I'liK'thon  and  Stercorarius.  In  sucii  cases  it  is  well  to  trivt'  the  lensith 
from  bill  to  longest  tail  feather,  and  also  to  end  of  outer  tail  featlier.) 

Tail.  Distance  from  the  tip  of  the  longest  tail  feather  to  its  liase  (the  point  where  it 
enters  the  itody). 

Hill.  The  distance  in  a  straight  line  from  where  the  hill  (upper  mandiliie)  joins  tiie 
skin  of  the  forehead  (A)  to  the  tip  (H).  ('I'here  arc  a  few  exceptions  to 
this  rule,  such  as  l)irds  with  frontal  plate,  etc.  Some  curved  hills  are 
measured  along  tiie  curve  of  the  culmeii,  and  at  tinu-s  it  is  advisable 
to  measure  from  tJie  nostril  to  the  tip  of  the  hill,  itut  in  such  cases  it 
should  always  he  so  stated.) 

Tiimiifi.  Distance  m  J'ront  of  the  leg  from  wiiat  ap/ii'dis  to  lie  the  knee  joint  (end  of 
tibia)  to  the  root  of  the  middle  toe.  .Vll  measurements  are  given  in  incln's 
and  fractious  of  an  incii. 


GLOSSARY. 


N..!uly  :.ll   tlH-   terms  usi'.l   in  .Icscnl.iii-  a   I'inl   luny  In-   u.oiv  oasily  mihI  rU-.u\y 

„„,l.,st 1  hv  rxaininin- tlu'  i.<T..iniKu.yin-  liiiure  tlu...   In...,   a   written  .l..s.Tii.tion  : 

:i  ffw,  liowt'ViT.  may  ri'«niirf  a  word  «>f  cxplaiiiition. 

Mandibles.  -  Sonu-  autlmrs  ns,.  tlu>  wonl  nw.rllln  for  tli.  .ipiu-r  half  of  tlu    l.ill,  a.ul 
„„n.,ni,lr  for  th.-  l..w..r.      I   prHVr.  l,..w.v.r.  to  .l.-s.-rilu-  tin-  tw..  halves  ..f  tlu-  bill 
:is  iippt'i'  anil  lower  mandilile. 
Culmen.  —  Tlie  ri(l;j;e  of  the  upper  mamliMe. 
QonyS.  —  l-<»«er  outline  (mid.lle)  of  under  man.lil.le. 
UnKuis.-Tlu.nailon  the  eml  of  the  upper  n.andil.le;   very  p.omunu-ed  in   several 

nunilies  of  water  hir.ls,  -  l)u<-ks,  IVlh'ans,  and  IVtrels. 
Axillar.  or  Axillary   Plumes.  -  Several  elongated  feathers  at   the  Junetion  of  the 

wi.iii  :u..l  body.      (l.al.  axilla,  the  arm-pit.) 
Speculum.  -A  win.  band  or  pateh   (usually  of  a   di.Verent   eolor   fron.  the   res.  of 
„„...in,).  fonnedby  the   tern.inal   portion  of  the   seeoudaries ;   very   no.ieeable  n. 
till'  Dueks. 

Tarsus   -  KMends  fron.  the  root  of  the  toes  ,o  the  end  of  the  tibia  (what  <,, to 

,,.,,,,,,,,.,,,,.,, .He,  or  Uuee:   but  wlneh  is.  in  reality,  the  heeljoint). 

Superciliary  Stripe.  -  Stripe  over  the  eye. 


I(» 


(.I.C(>^\li\ 


j 


Umler   Wing  f  'ot'rrfs  ^^^^^^^zj?-^^-^^^^ 
('iirpiis  •■■''    _ 


PrimttrieA 


Cubntn 

K 


:    :         Superclliitrii  Slri/h 

I'pper  Afaiiilihl,: ^res     \('nvr„ 
;  Foreh 


Occiput 
liirirtf/fir.t  or   ICiir  Couer^f 

-.'Ar/dr  lifiiinii  or  Phnh 
■  Si.le  „f  jVerX-  Ruck 


Sprciiluiii 

lining  of  Duck  showing  speculum. 


CariHilJoint  -  ' 
l^enser   Wiinj  Cirerls 
Miililli    Wing  <\>rtrta 
Grenlir  Voecrls 


Vitth(  A 


CoocTia 


y„»iil  Tiihet 
Vni/tiia  \ 

or  Xiii 


Bill  oj   Fulmar  Petrel,    omcr^  Toe    \ 

Miildle  Toe 

Inner  Toe 


Black -breast  PU 


over. 


-  llitHl  To 


INDEX    TO    KEY. 


Qroup  1.      Birds  having  wings  from  3.25  to  3.75  inches  long 
Group  2.      Birds  having  wings  from  3.75  to  4.50  inches  long 

Section  1.     'I'oos  4.  with  siiiiill  lobati'  wclis  .... 

Section  '2.         "     4,      *'        ••      webs  (not  lo1);itt')  lictwci'ii  toes  at 
linse     ......... 

Section  ;>.      'I'oes  4,  witiiont  welis         ...... 

Section  4.         "      ;i.  liill  nndi-r  .(iO       ...... 

Section  .").         •'     ;>,    •'    over  .(iO 
Group  3.      Birds  having  wings  from  4.50  to  5.50  inches  long 

Section  1.     Toes  4.  a  small  welt  lietween  toes;   Ijill  nnder  l.T.'i     . 

Section  -J.         '•     4.  "        '•  )verl.7.") 

Section."!.         •'     4.  without  webs ;   liill  over  2      .  .  .  ■ 

Section  4.         "      I,        "  "  "    ovei'    l.li»    and    less    than 

l.'.io 

Section  .').     Toes  1.  without  webs;   bill  nnder  1.1(1 
Section  fi.         •'     ;>,  bill  over  .<!(»         ..... 
Section  7.         "      ."l.    •'    nnder  .('.<!       ..... 
Group  4.      Birds  having  wings  from  5.50  to  6.75  inches  long 

Section  1.     'I'oes  I.  a  small   web  between   outer  and   middle  toe 

bill  over  l.Sd 

Section  •_'.     'I'oes  1.  a  small   web   between  outer  and   middle  toe 

bill  under  l.SO 

Section  :>.      'i'cu's  4.  with  small  loliate  welis 
Section   1.         "      1.  without  welis ;   liill  over  •_'     . 
Section  ."».         •'     4,        *'  "  "    under  2   . 


I'AdF. 

i;'. 

14 
14 

14 
14 
la 
1.") 
li! 

k; 

17 
17 

1.S 

lit 
2(1 
2(t 
21 

21 

21 
22 
22 
22 


VZ  INDEX    TO    KKV. 

Group  5.      Birds  having  wings  from  6.75  to  9  inches  long     . 

Soction  1.     TiH's  I.  with  iimrfor  U-sfs  wt'l.;   liill  cnrvotl  upward  or 

stniiiilit.  —  liill  over  L'.iiO  iiiclu's  l()ii<i' 
St'ction  '2.     'I'oos  1.  witlioiit  wvlis  ;  l)ill  uciirly  stniijilit,  —  liill  ovtT 

2.(')0  iiu'lii's  loiisi'   .....•• 
Section;!.     TiM's  1,    with     siiiall     web:     bill     ciiivimI    iipwanl    or 

straight.  —  bill  uikU't  2,(!(t  and  over  l..')(t  inclu's 
Soction   1.     '1\h's  1,  with  small  wi'b  ;    liill  nearly  straiuht.  —  bill 

undei'  1 ..')()  inciu's  ...... 

Section  .').     Toes  1.  with  small  web;  liill  curved  downward,  —  bill 

over  2  inciies         ..... 
Section  (!.     'i'oes  1.  without  wi'bs  :   bill  under  !..')() 
Section  7.     'I'oi's   :\   . 
Group  6.      Birds  having  wings  from  9  to  12  inches  long 


Section  1 .  'i'oes  I 
Section  2.  ••  I 
Section  :>.        •■     ;> 


bill  curved  downward 
•'       "        upward  or  nearly  strai<iht 
"    nearlv  straiiiht 


•A<iK 

24 


21 
2i) 
25 

2(; 

21 

27 
27 

2H 
2H 
2\) 
2\) 


KEY  TO  THE  SPECIES. 


GROUP  I. 


Birds  having  wings  from  3.25  inches  to  3.75  inches  long.* 


I'liii^M  iiiiniilillM. 


'nsii^ri^-^ 


No  well  tii'lwt't'ii  lot's. 


Least  Sandpiper. 

Trinijn  iniiiiitill". 
See  piifje  48. 


Toos  with  siiuill  wi'l);  liill.  usiiiilly  iiiiilcr  .85. 


Toes  with  small  wt'h:  hill,  usually  ovit  .85. 


Kii'iiiii'tcs    iiiislllns. 
(Ki)((t.) 


Semipalmated  Sandpiper. 

St'i!  pajJio   51. 


Western  Sandpiper. 

Eri'Uii('lp»  ocridi'titalis. 
Sec  page  'ri. 


*  For  illnM'lliins  lor  incilKUri'  lu'iit,  sci'  iiii>r<'  *<• 


14 


KKV    TO    TIIK    SIIOHK    IMI!I>S    OV    NOIMII    AMKHKA. 


GROUP  M. 

Birds  having  wings  from  3.75  to  4-50  inches  long. 

Section  I.    Toes,  4,  with  small  lobate  webs. 


MdiT  or  U'ss  niloiis  mi  siilf-  ol  iii'ck. 


^orthern  Phalarope. 

I'liiiliiriiifiis  hiliiitKs. 


I'liii1:ini|iiis 
l<iliittii>. 


Section  2.    Toes,  4,  with  small  web  (not  lobate)  at  base. 


Bill,  under  .85:    I>mcU.    ii"t    ;;ifciiisli    .iliv«':    liill.  I'lilirt-ly 

Semipalmated  Sandpiper. 

h'rriiiii lis  /iiis/Hiix. 

Sec  |p;i<:('  T)!. 

Krciiiicio  |Ui-illii^. 

Bill,  over  .85;   t);ivk.  not  jii-cenNh  "livf:  liill.  l>l:ick :   in.  wliitr  i);iHli  on   inii.T 

\vet)li  of  third  iirinuivv.  ..,     ^         c-      ^   j 

'  •  Western  Sandpiper. 

/■Jl'iltllctiti  iiiriih'iitnliK. 

See  paji'c  r)2. 

SniiiU  wfl,  l.ctw.'i'M  outer  ;iuil  middle  toe:  l>ill.  "viir  .s5 :  back,  greenish  olive, 

soniflimes  Imiidi'il:  iiiidtT  iiiaiidililc,  imlc  yellow  (in  III.m:  lliinl  priniHiy  tind 

inniT  iirimarii's  witli  imtcli  of  white  on  intu'i-  wch.  _ 

Spotted  Sandpiper. 

Afli/r.s  iiiacnUiriii. 

tSt't'  pairo  tl(i. 

Section  3.    Toes,  4,  without  web. 


-ifv^  Belly,  wliite:  hill,  l.lack. 


Least  Sandpiper. 

Trhiijd  tiiiinilillii. 
See  |ia}?e  4S. 


rriii».M  MiiiiiitiM.'i. 


KKV    TO    Tlir,    SIIDIM".    l'.ll!l)S    OF    NOIiTII    AM  KIMCA. 


15 


Section  4.     Toes,  3 ;  bill,  under  .60. 


I!ill,()r;iii;;t!  ;it  liiisc,   llii'  ti|i.  IiImcK:    Ir^s,  iliill   llrsli   inlor:   m 
IiImcK    snipe   tViiili   liill  |i;issii|i;'  iiiiiItT  cyi'. 

Semipalmated  Plover. 

Acijiiflith  SI  iiii/i'iliiiiild. 
Sec  )i!i;;t'  "."i. 


At'jri.ilili^  sc'iiii 
|imIiikiI;i. 


Mill,  oriiiijic  ill  li.isc,  tilt'  tip,  Mack:  tiit-  ic^s.  oiaii^o  yt'iiow  :  I  w  u  middle  tail 
t'ealliers,  tipped  witli  wliite;  no  lijaek  stripe  trum  hill  lo  eye:  lilaek  l)reast 
iiaiid  mil  cuiiiliKMit.    Species  not  found  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Piping  Plover. 

AciiliiliUs  )iiihiihi. 
See  pajtc  75. 

Bill,  (iniiiirc  al  liase,  (lie  tiji.  hj.'iek  :  le;;s.  or.aiiire  yellow:  middle  tail  fi'allii-fs. 
lipped  Willi  wliile:  no  lilaek  sii-i|ie  rnmi  liill  In  eye:  a  continuous  black 
band  on  breast.    Species  not  found  west  of  Rocky  Mountains. 

Belted  Piping  Plover. 

Aiijidlitis  7111  IihIii,  i-irriiiiirhiftii. 
See  pay.'e  7(!. 


=^>  r.ill,  eiilirely  hlack  :   leijs.  slale  enlur:  Iwii  iiiller  tail   I'eallieis.  cii- 

lirely   while:  two  middle   leatlievs,   not  lipped   willi  while:  iiu 

liliirk  St  I'ipe  Irom  liil!  In  eye.     Kan^'es  I'nim  Tcx.'is  and   Kansas 

west    tti    the    I'.aeilic    ( )ee,in :   casu.il    in     Western     Klnrida     and 

"^^^^^^57  (  ulia:  not  known  to  occur  on  the  Atlantic  Coast. 

Snowy  Plover. 

Aiijiiltil i!<   iiirnsd. 

See  pane  70. 

AfL'ialilis  iiivii^ii. 


Section  5.     Toes,  3 ;  bill,  over  .60. 


A  vorv  sm:ill  weli  between  outer  and  middle  toes:   hill,  larffo 
and    thick:    a   hand  of   hliick    (male)  or   hrown  (^I'emali')  on 


Ill-east. 


AcLiiiililis  \Vil<iini!i. 


Wilson's  Plover. 

Aii/ialills  inlnDin'd. 
See  ])au't'  77. 


le 


m;v  to  tiik  siioijK  nii.'its  ok  noimii   amkimca. 


fc..,  4 


\<>  well  lirlwcrri  l.u-:    lii||.  iicil   lliick. 


SanderliiiK  Sandpiper. 

'  ''iliilris  tin  iiiiriii. 
Sci'  |(;ii;c  ."i.'t. 


<';ilcilri.-  .inMiiMi,!, 


GROUP  III. 
Birds  having  wings  measuring  from  4.5O  to  5.50  inches  long 
Section  1.  Toes,  4,  a  small  web  between  toes;  bill,  under  1.75. 


Bill,  under  1.75.    Tarsus,  over  1.30. 

\:\y~H<  |r<s  tlliili   l.;l(). 


cc<u 


All  (illiiT  s|i.rics  ill  this  ...clion  li;iv.'  III." 

stilt  Sandpiper. 

Mil-niinlhliilil     /lil,llllltll/illS. 

See  |i;ijr<'  .\-2. 

Tarsus,  under    1.30.      Ii;,..k.  ,|,,k    „liv..   -,„„,..,!  uiti, 
white,   or  hn.wiiisli  -i-,iy  s|m,ii,.,1    willi  ,|i,||    wl.ii,.   ..„.. 

VMii-.,-.  '■"'■;","^'  '"  "■"■"'"•    A''"'«'-s.  heavily  barred  ;  a  .mall 

T..tjimi.s  s..m,.nii-.  "■''''  '»'f^V''ii  tlio  .micr  and  iiiiilijl,.  to,.. 

Solitary  Sandpiper. 

Tiihiiiils   Sdlihirill.f. 

Si'c  pane  ;■)'.». 
na.k,^,v..„ish  oliv...  s.nu,n.u.  I.anv,!  .1,1.  ,,,„,,,:  axillars,  white  wi,|i..ii,  ,„,.. 

Spotted  Sandpiper. 

Aflifis  Miiritliiriii. 
Sec  pajri'  (id. 

"'"■''■  ' >"■'"  '""''"'  «i'l'  ''l^"k  ■■ »  ...  :    belly,  redaUh 

lo'S.u'jr.""-' "-  " '    ""■  "'"•  — " 

Red  Phalarope. 

C'r;iiiiiijil,ih(K  fiiliriirins. 
Sci'  |iai;f  ,'{2. 


oilier  anil  n.iiiille  toe. 


<'ryniii|iliilii^  liiliciiriiis. 


I'lial.'iriipiis 
loliiitiis. 


I!aek    srayi.1,    streaked  „i,l.  tawny;   l.elly.  white:  ,o,...  ,,,,,,,. 
wel.hed;  hill,  under  1.05:   larsns,  .nider  1.  ' 

Northern  Phalarope. 

I'halarii/>iis  /ului/iis. 
See  pajje  ;t;{. 


KKV    TO    TIIK    silOltK    IllKDS    (IT    NOICTII    AM  KIMC  \. 


17 


«r. 


r.iick,    f^r.iyi.-li.    iiiiiikcil    wiili    chestnut    brown;    belly, 
white;  bill,  over  1.05;  i.nsiis,  ovi-r  1. 

Wilson's  Phalarope. 

I'Uiihtrojiit!*  (n'i'dlor,  /<  ntah  . 
Sec  jiajic  .'M. 


riiul!irc)|Pii^  trlniltir. 

l'.:u'k."T:ivisli,iiinii  It'll  willitlusUv  or  wliilisli:  l.ill.  ovtT  l.lt.-):  t.iirsiis.  ..vcr  1  iiirh. 

"^     '  Wilson's  Phalarope. 

I'halariijius  trinilur,  mulf. 

s<'i'  pjif^f  ;m. 

Section  2.    Toes,  4,  a  small  web  between  outer  and 
middle  toes;  bill,  over  1.75. 


Miinoiliiiinpliiis  -rU.ii-.  Mi.rn.iliiiiii|.lius  Kiir^ous. 

Bill,  over  1.75.     Axillars.  whilf,  Imriva  wiHi  .lark  brown  :  niiiip  and  tail,  wliitc. 


siMiltcil  and  liaiidcd  with  Itlark. 


Dowitcher,  Red -breasted  Snipe. 

il/iR'/'i»7/i/(//yi//"N  iiriffKn, 

and 

Long-billed  Dowitcher. 

M(icrorluiiniihi(.-<  xciilojiacvna. 

St'o  pajjc  1 1 . 


Section  3.    Toes,  4,  without  webs ;  bill,  over  2  inches  long. 

Axillars,  rufous  brown,  witliont  liars:  hrlly,  ImlV  i'.)l..r. 


Woodcock. 

Vhihihilii  minor. 
See  paf^i"  ;{S. 


Axillars,  barred  black  and  white  ;  l»  ll.v,  wliii.  ;  npptr 
tail  I'ovcrts  and  tail,  tawny,  ninir  ..r  less  niafki-d  with 
lilai'k. 


Wilson's  Snipe. 
Jack  Snipe. 

(fi(llhiiiiii>  (Inlirata. 
8('i'  page  1^0. 


l.s 


M;V    Tu    nil.;    M„,i:|.;    ,;,,;,,>    <,^.    j,.,„..,.,|      xMKIilCA. 


Section  4.    Toes,  4,  without  web;  bill,  over  1. 10 and 

less  than  1 .90. 

mil.  decurved   ,..  ,„  ti,,:  one  or  more  of  Inner  .necon- 
_  _/-      darles,  almost  entirely  white  ;  .,./„,    /„// ,  ,„,  ,,.    ,„„ 

^^  <rlu,r.  i.,n-n ,/  .■///,  /,/,„./. ;  lejj.s  and  feet,  black.     Spri,,., 

■,^         ''i"Ul.,-,v..  l.h,Hvu„tl,..  i„.|ly,  M.i.l  hM.k.  n.lui.s  l„oun 

'''•'"■''•      '•'""   '''''''^   ''''V   II."  Lrlly  ^^|H,,.  ,.„„l  |,„.,^ 


U'l'.'IV. 


'I'nii;.':i  .iliiini: 


:i  |>:wilic;i. 


Ked-backed  Sandpiper. 
American  Dunlin. 

'I  riilijii  III  III  II, t  i„irljii;i. 
.Sl'l-  |(,|;r,.    (!(. 


"'"•^.'''■•■'"■^" ••'"•    ""•    >i|':    upper   tail   coverts. 

white,  banded  with  black   m  .IhK  i.n.u,,. 

Curlew  Sandpiper. 

'I'l'liiifi  frrrinihii  II. 
See  |)iin,.  50. 


TnMi.'ii  l('rni;.'iiii::i. 
'I'jiil  Mini  ii|>|>('i'  hiil  rim-il- 


Tiiii>.M  iiijiiiiliiui. 
r.iil  ,111.1  ii|.|,i'r'  i;ii|  i-nvrii- 


<"ll.ni.Mrly.in,i-hi:   ImH..  ,„,,.k..,|  u  ill,  |„„  „  v  ,,,„l 
I'lK  U  :  hi.  .„t    with   numerous  narrow,  brown 

streaks;  //-//r  .,,• /,„„  ,.,,,,.,„„/,„.„ ^.  „/ ,^^^^^.^  ,„,;,■, i,, 

-A//.      lower  rump  and    upper  tail  coverts, 
black;  11,1.  ri.„h,.,.s   ,„„, |,.„   ,i|,|„„,    ^^.|,_ 

iHitl.     Two   middle  tall   feathers   loHjrer  than 
the  other.s. 


Pectoral  Sandpiper 
Qrass  Bird. 

'I'riiiiiii  iHiiritlniit, 
Sen  yif.-,.  .J5. 


!  nii;;:i  iiKiii|[:it;i 


liill.   iii'.irly   sii-;,iiri,|;    back,  dark'    ri..,ii„.i-«  ,.,i,r    i      -.i 
Krayish   .iil„.,.i    hniu .,    i,....!  Z-     ,i       '.-..":'"'   ■■'^''>- '"'  '>""=  breast, 
emiivlywhii..:  le^s  and  fe^'L..:      .=.."":'",  "     '""■■':   -" i-    ^'l-.l 


.eKs  and  feet,  yellow  i,.nn,.  p.,. ,,-;;, .:;;;:;;■—; 


Murple  Sandpiper. 

I'l'hiijii  iiiiirllhiiii. 


KKV    lo   I'lir.  siioiiK  HiijDs  or  Noirni   amkuka. 


19 


I'.ii  "US,  DMT   l.T'i;  miililli' l<»', 
over    1.(10;     primarifs,  \t;[\v 
■ ',;  .^  v"■ll<|^^i-ll   jii'i'i'ti;    bend    of 

>  '^   ^^  <~r\^  winjt  with  sharp  spur. 

Mexican  Jacana. 

•  lllldlKl   SIlillllKII 


••^^1S^5^ ... 


.Iiii'iiiia  -iiiiKisi, 


Section  5.    Toes,  4,  without  web;  bill,  under  1.10. 


Upper  tail  coverts,  wliite ;   inmi    wi  li-  nt 
|irini;iri<'«  iioi  spccl.'  •il. 


'I'tiii'.':!   rii-i'ii'iilli-. 


TrIliKit  rii-clriilllr-. 

White  Humped  Sandpiper. 

'rrhniii  fiisn'collix. 

Sec  pjlfje   Hi. 


\ 


'riiiiLM  ip^iiiiiii. 

•rail.iii'l  u|i|»'il.iili.ivcil^ 


'riiiina  iiiiiriiliila. 
I'Mil  :iihI  ii|iin'r  tail  rovi'lU. 


'ri\  nuilf-  >iiliinll('ollls. 
t'lr.-t  priuia-y. 


Middle  upper  tail  coverts,  smoky   or  duslty, 

iptlcii  tippcil  willi  liiill';  iiiiicr  \v('l>s  n[  priiiiarifs 

iMit    -pccklcd :    sill.'-,    wliitc;    middle   toe   and 

claw,  less  than  .<>5. 

Baird's  Sandpiper. 

Triiiijii  Uitivilii. 

Sec  \K\\n-  t". 


niddle  upper  tail  covens,  black,  oltcii  narrowly 
lipped  Willi  hrKwiiisti  liiilV:  iniH'i-  wclw  of  pri- 
iiiai'ics,  iiol  speckled;  middle  toe  ;ind  elaw,  ovei' 
.",1."):  middle  l.iil  leallieis  decidedly  l(>iij;er  lliail 
III,,  ,,,,i.  Pectoral  Sandpiper. 

Grass  Bird. 
Triiiijd  lunciildlii. 
See  pafje  45. 


Iiiiiei'  wehs  of  iiriniiiries  speckled. 

Buff-breasted  Sandpiper. 

Try)i<iitis  ifiilirujiciillin. 
Soo  page  Oi"). 


20 


Ki;v   I'o  TiiK  siioui;  i!ii;i>s  or  Noitrii  a.mkkica. 


Section  6.    Toes,  3 ;  bill,  over  .60  in. 


Mill.  lilaeU:  shoiililtT  i  lesser  ;iiiil  middle  wiiiu' cKverts ..  Iirowii; 
no  web  lu'tweeii  toes:  lejrs,  lilaek. 


SanderlinK  Sandpiper. 

<  'iiltilris  iiri  ii'in'ti. 
See  l»ii<;'e  ."i;{. 


(  ;iliilris  ;ircii:irii' 


\ 


AfiTiiilili.-  \Vil-ciiii;i 


Uill,  lliiek:    shuiilder    i  ies-er  ;iiid    miildle  wiiii:   coveil-  .  \\A\\ 
'n-;iy.   Ie;;s,  dull  lles|i  eiilor:  ;i  shimII  well  lielweeii  toi's. 

Wilson's  Plover. 

A'iiinlih\    IIV/mi/"'". 
See  jmi^e  77. 

Section  7.    Toes,  3  ;  bill,  under  .60. 

r.ill,  or;iii;;-e  at    liase,  tlie  till,  lil.iek  :   l«'i;>.  dull   l!e-li  e.iliir;  .1 
black  siiiiie  from  bill  passiiiji  under  eyi. 

Semi  pal  mated  Plover. 
Kin^  Neck. 

.[(ijidi ill's  si-iiiiiiiniiiiitn. 
See  i)a^e  7"). 

.Voiriiiliti>  sciMiii:iliii:ilM. 

ISill,  oraiij^e  al  base,  tlie  tip.  black:  li',i;s,  (iraiine  yellnw  ;  iki  lilaek  siii|M'  timii  bill 
toeye:  black  breast  band,  liol  ciuilliieiil  :  1  w  o  middle  lail  bat  liei>.  tipped  with 
white.    Kasierii  species  not  bmiid  west  (it  Itockv  Mniiiitaiiis. 

Piping  Plover. 

Aitiiiiliiis  iiifliiilii. 
Sec  lia^e  75. 

Iiill,  (iraiij;e  al  liase.  tlie  tij).  liiack:  le^s.  maiiu'e  yelbiw  :  im  black  siripe  fium 
bill  to  eye:  breast  band,  continuous  and  nut  lnnken  iu  tbe  middle:  two 
uiiiidle  tail  b'atbei's.  tipped  with  white.  Ilasiern  •  pedes  nni  lound  west 
ot  liocky  Mountains. 

Belted  Piping  Plover. 

Al  ili'ililis    iikIiiiIii    riri'iiiiiriiifld . 

Iiill.  entirely  black:  li>i;s.  slate  color:  no  black  -Iripe  tinm  bill  to 
eye;  two  middle  lail  lealliers.  not  tipped  with  white;  two 
outer  tail  lealliers,  wliile.  Westi'in  species  iani;es  j'lom  'I'eNas 
and  Kansas,  west,  lo  the  I'acilic  Ocean.     Ai'cidenlal  in  l''loi-ida. 

Snowy  Plover. 

Acijiillilix   iiinisii. 
Afulalitls  iiivii-a.  Hiiii  pil^c  7(5. 


KKY    TO    TIIK    SlIOUK    BIRDS    OK    XOKIIl     A.MKUICA. 


21 


GROUP   IV. 
Birds  having  wings  from  5.50  to  6.75  inches  long. 

Section  1.    Toes,  4,  a  small  web  between  outer  and  middle 

toe;  bill,  over  1.80. 

ri>|MT  tMil  CnV.M-t.S  Mini   llxillMl-S,   wlllt.-,   Sputt.-.l    Ml'    hllVtVll 

with  (lu-'ky:  liill,  h'-miIv  stniif-lit. 

Red-breasted  Snipe,  or  Dowitcher. 

Mdn-nrhiiiiii'liHi  iiriKius. 

Western  Red-breasted  Snipe,  or,  Long-billed  Dowitcher. 

MitxriirlKiiiijiliiia  sC(ihii>(Vi  iia. 


.M.ii'iiii-li:ini|ilni-  j;ri>cii- 


Section  2.     Toes,  4,  a  small  web  between  outer  and  middle 

toe;  bill,  under  1.80. 


^^  Tarsu.  iin.l  nruMl''  t--  t..i.-.'lli.M-.  inuiv  thim  -J.CO  u.cli.-. 
~^  l„„jj ;  outer  p'-n..;.ry.sl;.t..lnuwn,witl.n.>ll..ns.    Itump 

X  an.l   .il)l.*'r   tail    cM.v.Tts.  whif,  inoiv  or  Irss    hannl 

#         wi.h  ...own ;  legs,  yellow.  ^^^^^^  vellow-le.,. 

Src  iiaii'i'  -"i^- 


and  u|.|MT  tail  r-.v.Tis.  plunihr..-.-^   htmv  .  MNill.n-.  >l.it>   ^i    . 

This  sprci.-  ihM.s  n..i  u.riir  in  Ma-^l.Tn  I  niird  Mal.'>.  Wandering    lattler. 

lfil(  riiclili"  iii''inin.<. 

Sec  pii<::<'  <>i. 

ra.sn.  a.Ml  n.iM,II..  to-.  to.u'.'tluT,  h'ss  thnn  2.00.  nppn   l^n        > 
,„,,,,,/  ,nfh  u,„rk:  o.n.T  pntnai-y.  slat.-  I.n.xvn.  without  imi^.  ^^.^^  Sandpiper. 

MicraiKil'iiii'i  hiiiKnilnpiif!. 

(Hit.T  iMiinary.  wliili-^ii,  hanvd  witli  dark  l.mwn.  Bartramian  Sandpiper. 

"  Upland  Plover." 

Biirirmnid  loii(jii'ii>i<ln. 
Sec  paii<'  <ll. 


22 


KKV    TO   TIIK    SlIOKi;    ISIUDS    OK    NOUTll    A.AIKUK^A. 


Section  3.    Toes,  4,  with  small  lobate  webs. 


^x 


ss. 


I'.Mck.  sticiikcil  l.iwiiy  .•mil  lil.ick:    iiiiilrrp;irl<.   iimiii'  i>r 
lcs>  rcddisli  Ipimwii. 

Red  Phalarope. 

('ritiiiiiiilill  lis    I'll  I  irii  rills. 

Set'  p.iiic  ;t-j. 


Section  4.    Toes,  4,  without  webs;  bill,  over  2  in. 


l.dWtT  lii'llv,  wliilisli  HI-  wliili' :  .ixilhir-.  liMricci  lil;icl<  ;itiil 
wliilc. 

Wilson's  Snipe. 
Jack  Snipe. 

Irilllillilijli  llrlinilil. 

Sec  I>;i<|;<'  ;{'.). 


(lalliiiM.i:'(i  ilclii'MtM. 


Ui'lly,  I'lilV  ccilor:  ;i\ill:iis,  lulcni*  lnnw  u. 


riiilulicia  iiiiiMir. 


Woodcock. 

I'liiliilii  III  iiiiimr. 
Set'  pMi:'!'  ,'iS. 


Section  5.    Toes,  4,  without  webs  ;  bill,  under  2. 


«^.  — ~ 


Rump,  gray;  iiii|mi- i;iil  .mivii-.  wliiii^h.  li.imlrd  m- niMrk.'d 

^        Willi  lil;n'k:  ii r  wrh-;  (it  |iriiii:iric<  Mill  -|ircklci|. 

Knot. 

'J'riiii/ii.  I'll  Hill  iin, 
S('(!  liiiKt'  i;{. 


'I'niinii  caniitii-:. 


KKY    TO    Tin:    SIIOUK    lilliDS    OK    NOlfTII    A.MKKICA. 


23 


A|iliii/.i  viiv^ilii. 


i:mii|i.  liiMwiiisli  or  ornyisli:  iippci- tiiil  covcils. 
wliilc.  willioiit  l)l;ick  Iciiids  HI- spots:  t;iil,  dark, 
tipiicil  Willi   vvliitc;  axillars,  wliitc.     A  I'arilic 


■ilifcics  iiollnmid  in  Kastcrii  N'orth  AiiKM-iea. 


Surf  Bird. 

Aiihvi:c(i  riri/d/ii, 
St!0  \>Ujlt'  "!>. 


5V^ 


/^=e, 


Arciiaiia  iiili'r|iir-. 


Throat,  white;  rump  and  upper  tail  coverts,  white  (riot 

liaiidt'd  ) :  linicr  wcli  ni  primarifs  not  spwlvk'd. 

Turnstone. 
"  Chiclcen  Plover. 

jirriiiirin  iiiiii-prrs. 
Sec  i)a<ft!  SO. 


Throat,  dusky;  rump  and  upper  tail  coverts,  white;  In ad  and  milv,  lijailv: 
a  while  spul  on  jori's  and  wliilf  siical<s  on  t'ondiead.  A  Tarilii.'  six'i'ies  not, 
round  in  Ivistcrn  Norlli  AiiH'iiiM. 

Black  Turnstone. 

Arcnart'ii  iiiflinnicrjihiilK, 
See  paye  SI. 


^j-  --"-*'       Rump,  blackish  ;  middle  upper  tail  coverts,  black 


I iiol  l)andrdj ;  iiiiRT  wcl*  of  i)riinafies  not  spccliicd. 

Pectoral  Sandpiper. 
Grass  Bird. 

'/'rhti/i'  inarilliilii. 
Si'c  \KV^v  45. 


'I'l'lll;;','!  IIIMrllhltil. 


^m^'^f?^. 


'\'y\  i;m1Ic~  -iilniillriilli- 


IniKT  wt'lis  ol'  primai'ii's.  s|ii'cki('d. 

Buff-breasted  Sandpiper. 

Tnjnijilix  sii/iruiirdllis. 
See  piigt;  ()5, 


Section  6.    Toes,  3. 


Hivasl.  willMwo  Idaek  liamN:  under  parts,  wliile:  inin|>  and  upper  tail  eoverts, 
oranye  lirown. 


Killdeer  Plover. 

./■.'ijidlitiK  riirifini. 
See  imj?e  74. 


u 


KKY    TO   TlIK    SIKiKi:    lUUDS    OK    NOIiTII    AMKIMCA. 


GROUP   V. 
Birds  having  wings  from  6.75  to  9  inches  long. 

Section   I.    Toes,  4,  with   more  or  less  web;   bill,  curved 
upwards  or  straight;  bill,  over  2.60. 


Axillars,  white:  ImIIv, 
wliitf;  first  primary, 
darit  with  dark  shaft ; 

lOJ)    (it     licilil    ,111(1  llilpf, 

iiiil  hl.icU:  liill.  ciiivtMl 
u[)\v:iril. 

American  avocet. 

/,'< rurfira^irc  itmirifitnu. 


Hrcuivinpsliii  ;iiniMii'an:i. 


Axillars,  white  :  lu'lly.  while:  first 
primary,  darlt,  with  darlt  shaft; 

l(Mis.  vriy  Imiii.  nisc  pink  iiililV; 
bill,  iiciirly  slriiinlit :  top  of  head 
and  nape,  black. 

Black-necked  Stilt. 

IlimiDilnjiiis  m'.iiruiius. 
Sec  [nif^c  .'{7. 


lliiiiinilH|iii>  iiic\ii-;nni-. 


,.^52311^ 


Axillars,  smoky  black;  belly,  wliilf:  tfrmiiiiil  third 
of  uiiicr  |irini:iiy.  bhirk;  the  rest,  whlli';  1)111,  iic;irly 
stniij-hl. 

Willet  ( Siimiihimla  m-inipiiliiinia)  and  Western  Wlllet 

{Si/iiiiihctiiiii  ni'iuijiiiliiiitiii  iiiiiniKiii). 

See  page  00. 


SyiniilR'inlii  s(MMi;iir      lii. 


KKV     TO    TIIK    .SIIOI.'K    I51ltl)t<    Ol"    NOIiTII    AM  KKICA. 


25 


Axillars,  dark  gray,  or  soui y  ^r;i.v ;  1m  lly.  i;i  isli  wiiili-:  first  primary,  dark 
slaty  brown  with  white  shaft;  liill,  mrv.il  u|i\v:iril:  upper  tail  coverts 
mostly  white. 


Hudsonian  (iodwit. 

I.illlllSII   llll  Ill'ISlil'll. 


Axillars,  rufous  brown;  upper  iiiil  i'i>v- 

crls,  lint  wliilc:  liclly.  luiH':  sdinclinii's 

IkhtciI   with  ilark   lnowii:   primaries, 

pale  rufous  brown  with    numerous 

dark  dots ;  shaft  of  prlmarles,white  ; 

liill.  I'urvcil  ii|)Wiiril. 

narbled  Godwit. 

LiliUiXii  fiihul. 
Sec  pil^'f  .^t. 


l.iiiiD^u  li'iliiii. 


Section   2.     Toes,  4,  without   webs  ;    bill,  nearly  straight ; 

bill,  over  2.60. 

Axillars,  banded  with  white  and  grayish  brown;  1m  lly.  p;ile  hidwii.  huiKltd 

witli  iliirU  hiowii:  priiiKirii's.  .lirayisli  brown:  outer  webs,  banded  with  pale 
brown  or  rufous  brown;  sluift  ul'  priiniirics.  tl;iiU:  liill.  iii'Mily  sir,ii,i;lii. 

European  Woodcock. 

SnihijKi.i-  rnslifolii. 
Si'c  pMji'i'  -W. 

Section  3.    Toes,  4  (with  small  web) ;  bill,  slightly  curved 
upward  or  straight;  bill,  under  2.60  and  over  1.50. 


/Si         Axillars,  smoky  black ;   li.'lly.  white:  outer  priuuiry 
:^/  iennin;il  tliinl,  hl.ieU.  rest,  wiiite:  luiup.  jjiiiy  :  u|iper 


^^^___^^^,)lTiiS|^y^--^      tiiil  eoverts.  Willi 


Willet. 

See  paj^e  (10. 


■yt 


26 


KKV     TO    TIIK    SMoiiK    l!ll!l>S    OK    NOKTII    AMKIMCA. 


1 


J 


Axillars,  white,  uiih  t,.«  liuhi   l,n,u, ,„,,,.  H,,.  ..|i,l.:  I.HIv.  «l.iir:  ..,m.t 

I'liiii.ny   -hiik,    Willi   sli.ih    .•hit..;    rump,   white   witliout  bars;  upper  tair 
coverts,  white  wltnout  bars;  less,  olive  Rreen. 

(ireenshanlt. 

'J'lllllllll.S   IllhllhtrillS. 

Sec  li;if;'('  "jS. 
Axilfars,  tJarIt  jtray;  uuirr  |.i-ii„,-iiy.  I.n.wni.li  -l.n,.  ,..,|nr:  ,|,,,li.  nhiii.l,:  nimj. 
•'"'i  'i|.|M.r  iMil  ruv.Tis  plumbeous  gray.     I'.KMli.-  -|Mvi..-.  ,|u,.<  ,„,i  ...•.•m-  in 
lt,ii.<lcrii  Norili  Aiiiciicii. 

WandtriiiK  Tatler. 

Ill  h  rnitllis  inritiiiin, 

Axillars,   white,   banded   with   brown;    l,Hly.    ul,i,..:    ,„.„.,•   ,„iM,.„v.    M.uk  ■ 
sinili      wMt,.:     rump,    grayish    brown;     feathers,    tipped     with     white; 

bright  yellow.  '      *"  ' 

Winter  Yellowlegs. 
(ireater  Yellowlegs. 

li'lilinlX    lllrltliliih'HI'lls. 

rump  and  upper  ia.l  coverts,  black  or  brownish  black  ;  l.^s.  i.inki,!,  ,,,1  u] 

Black-necked  Stilt. 

JIiiiii(iil'i/iiis  iiir.i-irniius, 
Sl'i-  p;ij;e  ;i7. 

Section  4.    Toes,  4,  with  small  web;  bill,  nearly  straight; 

bill,  under  1.50. 

Bartramian  Sandpiper. 
Upland  Plover. 

iiai-h-diiii,!  /,,ii,i,'caic/i(. 
A.-..  J      .  Sec  pjijjc  (11. 

Axil.,..'s,  dark  gray;  uiili.Mit  I.Mis:  lir<i  ni-i,,,.,,.    ,inl      »-,i      ., 

.-     >       '^•'^""   "I"'"-  "liKJi  (!>„.<  i,„|  occur  ill  K.isi.. I'll 


\o,v    A 


IMcriCM. 


Axillars,   «moky   black      liim    ,,,lin,,,       i     i 

-a,.;  :i...nv,,..,,;,::j,,^:,;::,;;,,::'';'\' -'•'•-  -s,;  „i,.„  ,.c.  v,.i.v 


Wandering  Tatler. 

ILliniriids  iiiniiiiis. 
Sec  pjigo  (II. 


''.■H'l<,    IIKllllcil. 


Black-beliied  Plover. 

.S'/iiiil,inil,i  K'liiiihiriilK, 
S.'.-  pM"v  72. 


KKV    TO     rilK    SIIOUK    lilltDS    OK    Nolilll     AMKIMCA. 


27 


Section  5.    Toes,  4,  with  small   web  ;   bill,   curved   down= 
ward;  bill,  over  2  inches  long. 


A\ill:ii>, 


I'riiiiMiii's.     Imricil  : 
MNilliirs,  Ipiincil. 

Hudsonian  Curlew. 
Jack  Curlew. 

Xlllllilliua  ludlxoiiicitf:. 


/■ 


rv\ 


Nunicniii-  hiiiUoiiiru.- 


Niiiiic'irni-  lii.ii'iili-. 

I'i-iin;nic'«.  willu'iil  h;ii-s: 
iiNill.irs,  liiini'il. 

Esquimaux  Curlew. 
Dou^h  Bird. 

Xiliiniiiiis  liiii'i  iilis. 


Section  6.     Toes,  4  (cleft  to  base),  without  webs. 


.\|iliii/.:i  viiniil:i. 


'   rppiT  l:iil  fi'Vi'lls.  wliilc.      liiliMliil-  I'Miilic  ('(ia~t 

of  N'orili  .\nicric;i :   iml  rci'dnlcd   Iroiii  M.i-ti'iii 

I'liilcd  Sl;itt',<. 

Surf  Bird. 

A/ilirir.d  rifijdlii. 


Section  7.     Toes,  3. 

liiiinp,  oniiijiv  l.rowii:  uikI.t  parH.  wliil.'  witli  two  I.Imi'U  Iimii.Is  ..iiilit!  l.ivii^l  : 
iixilliivs,  pun'  wliilf. 


Killdeer  Plover. 

.  Kiiiiilitis  lUii-ii'i  vti . 
Si'c  11:141'  7  I. 


2S 


KKV    TO    TIIK    SIIOliK    I'.II.'DS    OK    NoliTIl    AMKIMCA. 


AxilliHN.  ciTiiy  :   iiiiiii).  ii'it  (ir;mi;c  lirown 


CIlMIMlllillS  l|(llllillil-llS. 


Golden  Plover. 

'  '/''ii'ddi'lila  iliKiiiiiirii.t, 
Sec  |(;ii;c  7;{. 


'^ 


Axilliirs.  smoky  Llnck:  mini)  JUmI  iijiimt  tail  covprls,  ii.>i  .,rMii,i-c  lirown. 

This  s,M.(.u.,  ims  lour  t-.cs  (ii„.  u\w\  i,«.  imMiij!'  >..  -n.Mii  iMiM  it  „ii,-n  .•>,.,|m.s  „„(i.T  .     Black-bellied  Plovcr 

mill  inoiuMly  lirlnn;rs  ill  (irc.iip.V  Sccti,,!!  .!,  Imt  iiwiiiLMd  the  Ciii'l  tli'il  i!  U  ,-,,i,        /  •;  ;    • 


GROUP  VI. 

Birds  having  wings  measuring  from  9  to  12  inches  long. 
Section  I.    Toes,  4;  bill,  curved  downward. 

Axlllars,  reddish 
brown  with  nar- 
row black  marks ; 

Im  My.  Iinl):  bill 
usually  over  four 
inches. 

Long-billed  Curlew. 
Sickle-bill  Curlew. 
Xiimrnius  lo)iiiiriis/ri,t. 
See  p.'ijrc  iu. 
Ax i liars,    banded 
with  slaty  brown 
and    dull    white; 
lit'lly.  whitish :  hill, 
nndcr  four  inches. 

Jack  Curlew. 
Hudsonian  Curlew. 

Sec  |i;i;;<'  C.S. 


'm^%^  "%^^J% 


lliiilsdiii.'iii  Curlew . 


.\\ill.-iis. 


KKV     lO    TIIK    SIIOKK    lilKDS    OF    NOKIII    AMKIMCA. 


Section  2.     Toes,  4;  bill,  curved  upward,  or  nearly  straight. 


Axillars  rufous ;  jiriininics.  nildus. 
(lnU(Ml  Willi  IiImcU. 

Marbled  (iodwit. 

l.itiliiH(t  u-iliiii. 
8i't'  l>:il^c  -i^' 


hiiiiiisii   IViliia. 


Section  3.    Toes,  3;  bill   nearly  straight. 


Il:riii:iliilills  ii.illwilii 


I'pixT  tiiil  covt'i-ls.  white:  l)iil,  red. 

American  Oyster-catcher. 

IIifma''()ii)i.i  I'lilliniiis. 
Sci!  pjigc  S2. 
rplMT  t;iil  coverts,  mixed  lnowii  and  wliite: 
hiil,  red.     Paeifie  coiist   ^iieeies  does  not 
oeeiir  ill  Kiisteni  North  Anieriea. 

Frazar's  Oyster-catcher. 
Uii  iiiiiliiiiiis  r'rii::ifrf. 
Seo  jia<i'e  S.'{. 

(ieiieial  i)liiina;;-e  and  upper  tail  eoverts.  darl<  brownish  hlael;:  hill.  red.     Paeitie 
I'oast  species  does  not  occur  in  Kaslern  North  America. 

Black  Oyster-catcher. 

Iliimaiiipus  bdiiiiiiatii. 
See  page  S3. 


ORDER    LIMICOL.H. 


Shore    Birds. 


Family  PHALAR0P0DID.1<:.     Piiai.akopf.s. 


-r 


Wilxm'-  l*li:iliiniiir. 


KimI   l>li:i|Mn.|ic'. 


The  I*liiil!ii'oi)()<li<li»'  or  I'liiiliiniiics  iuiimIkt  Imt  tliroc  species,  all  of  wliicli  occiii'  in 
N'ortli  Aiiiciicii.  Altlioiiiili  soiiu'wiisit  snipi'-liivc  in  t'orni.  tlieir  welilit'd  fi'i-t  enaltli' 
tlii-ni  to  s>"iiii  ensily  nnd  iirnct'fiilly,  inid  tiiey  :uv  often  oliserved  in  tloeks  fnr  out  :it 
sea.     Tile  feniiile  is  iaru'er  and  nioi'e  iiiiiiilv  colored  tiian  tlie  male. 


32 


SI|f»i;K    miMiS    or    NOKTII     VMI'.IMCA. 


Gkms  CRYMOPHILUS  Villi  1.. 


I 


(  l\inii|iliilii- 
I'liMc'Mi'iii-. 

tf,illici>   nliiic 


CnMiiipliilii*  lulli'iiiiii.-. 


CRVnOPHILUS  FULICARIUS  (//////). 
Red  Phularope.    (iray  Phalarope. 

Si:A-(iuusi;.     \\  iiAi.K-lliiiii.     I'lKW  iii;\i.. 

Ailn/t  inifli'  ill   siiiiiiKir  :     <  iriicriil  iili- 
•  liT    purls  iiiiil    sides   i>{   tin-    iicHx.    |iiir- 

Jilisli  hiKW  ri  ;    iipprr  l;iil  covcfls,  |ilir|ilis|| 

ln'owri.  slijjliijy  il;iik,.r  lliiiii  III!'  iiiKicr 
jiiirls:  crown  of  tlic  1iim(1  iinil  Iimsc  of 
lilt'  1)111,  smoky  lilfick:  sides  oT  ilie  lie;id. 
wliile,  exteiidiii^j  to  llie  ii!i|>e:  nmip. 
wliile:  iiiiek,  l)l;iek:  lenlliers,  edi;ed  wilii 
tiiwny  brown:  prinniries.  dusky,  llie 
slnifls  hein^-  wliile,  ;illd  the  l)!ise  of  tlii' 
some  of  the  seeoiidjiries.  white;  hill,  yel- 
lowish hrowii,  d;irk  on  the  lip:   feet,  dull  yellow. 

Aihili  ill  H-iiitir:    Ile.-ul  mimI  under  purls,  while:  ,i  snudl  piiteh  .iionnd  tht-  eye  iiiid  n  nnclnil 
••rest,  dusky:  the  under  jmrts  of  the  hody  ;ire  tini;ed  with  iishy  j,'iMy    n'  the  sides:  upper  purls, 
^-riiyis)!  Msli  color:  wini-s.  sliowinjj  n  distinct  white  l);ir:  hill,  dusky;   iVei.  hrownisli. 
I.cnsih.  7.70:  win<^,  5.10:  mil.  2.50:  liill,  .!M  :  tiirsus,  .SO. 

Tlio  Hod  I'liahirono  is  a  !>iariliine  spocios  wliirli  ranges  from  tlu'  lar  iiorlli, 
wluMc  it  I)r("(Mls,  soutliwanl  to  the  xMiddle  States,  On  t!io  Pacific  coast  it  has 
Ik'cm  recorded  as  tar  south  as  Capo  St.  Liiciis.  Diiriiii:-  nii^srations  it  is  not 
uncoiniiioii  on  some  ol"  our  laruo  interior  hd<cs.  It  is  jirepirioiis  in  its  liahifs, 
iisutiily  l>eini>'  oltsorved  in  tlocks  far  out  at  sea.  It  breeds  in  (he  far  north. 
'I'ho  oii-jrs,  which  tire  four  in  luimhei',  are  urtiyish  or  hrownish,  spotted  with 
(hiri<  brown  :  tiiey  vary  much  in  coh»r,  some  oiii-s  i)ein<>-  described  jis  <>reenish, 
iioavily  spotted  witii  (hill  l)rown.  The  species  is  l<iiowii  to  .sailors  bv  llie  name 
of  "  Whak'  Hird.  '  Contrary  to  tiio  usual  rule  iimoni;  l)irds,  the  femah'  is  the 
iiiindsomer  and  is  idso  the  iari>er. 


SIIUUK    IIIKDS    OK    SOU  III    AMKIMCA. 


33 


PHALAROPUS  LOBATUS  (/.////.). 

Northern  Phalarope. 

Aihill  I'liiKlh  in  siiiiiiiirr :  l'|i|n'r  |ilmii;ii;i'. 
iL'irlv  |iliiiiilit'(iiis  :  III)'  liiiclv.  ■^Ii'i'.'ilvi'ii  Willi  lull)': 
>iili'<  ,'iimI  I'l'diit  III  lli«^  iD'cK,  riiluiis  lii'iiuh; 
;;ir;iici'  w  in;;- cmn  cils.  li|i|i*'il  willi  wliilf:  lidly, 
wliitc. 

Adnll  mull' ill  siii'imir :  Siinilrir  ti>  ilic  fcimili' 
bill  piilcr;  lillli'.  il  tiii,\'.  iiilmis  mi  ilic  li'mil  nf 
tile  neck. 

W'iiiirr  iiliiiiiiiiii  :  rpiii'i   plimiii^c.  j;i';iyis|i:  I'orclii-Md,  sides 
''''•'''"'"'"'"'"''•'""•  of  the    licciv.   clircUs,   iiiiil    llll(ltT|i:irl  s,    while;   toji   of  the    lieiiil, 

iliill  ,s,Mii,v:  llie  Ifiillieis  eiip'il  witlMliill  wliite:  ,i  diisl^y  s|i(ii   on   side  of  lieiid  niid  in   front  (d 
llie  eye:  hieiisl,  linued  willi  ;:r!iy. 

j.enjiili.  T.no;  w  inn,  l.-J.") ;  liirsiis.  .S(l;  tfiil.'J;  liill,  .SO  to  .'.Mt. 

Tlu'  Xortlioni  IMialiiropo  is  anotluM-  of  our  niiiritiiuo  species,  at  times  not 
uiu'oinmoii  iilon<x  our  eoast.  It  occurs  on  tiie  Pacific  coast  as  well  .as  on  tiie 
Atlantic  side,  and  is  coiniuon  and  lireeds  aiiiono-  tlie  islands  of  Helirino-  Sea. 
It  is  rather  a  more  southern  species  than  the  iirecedino-,  and  wanders  in 
winter  as  far  south  as  the  ^Middle  States,  and  to  Mexico  on  the  Pacitic  side. 
It  occurs  in  the  interior,  Iteiu"-  not  uncominon  on  some  of  our  large  inland 
lakes.  It  swims  easily  and  gracefully  and  is  very  much  at  home  in  the  water 
on  account  of  its  wchhed  feet.  The  male  of  this  sjiecies,  as  in  the  other  Pha- 
lar()|)es,  is  smaller  than  the  female  and  not  so  highly  colored  ;  he  also  takes 
upon  himself  many  domestic  duties  usually  assumed  by  the  female;  he  sets  on 
the  nest,  contrary  to  the  usual  custom,  and  devotes  himself  to  the  young  chicks. 
The  etiiTs  are  usually  three  or  four,  and  are  gray  or  grayish,  l)lotchcd  with 
chocolate  l»rown.  The  nest,  which  is  built  on  the  ground,  is  usually  composed 
of  a  little  grass  or  moss. 


r^/ 


;u 


SlIoitK    Itll.'DS    OK    NOIMII    AMKIMCA. 


PHALAROPUS  TRICOLOR   (/y,///.). 
Wilson's  Phaiarope. 


Adii/t  I'riitii/r  ill  siiiiniirr :  (  row  n 
.•111(1  Miiililli'  of  Lack,  pearl  •;ray  ;  iia))!'. 
wliili';  siiiuTcilJa.  si  ripe,  wliiic;  a 
ilusUy  or  lihu'k  sf.eak  troiii  the  eye 
to  tlic  sides  or  tlic  rii'ck:  sides  of 
iipl""''  '>.iflv  cliestmit,  lionlerinn- tlu' 
ji'iiiy;  middle  tjiroal  and  hrcasi 
lin;{eil  with  palermuiis  lirowii:  chin, 
while;  belly,  while. 

AiliiN  male  in  KiiiiDiiir :  (Jeneral  re- 
senililancetotlpe  reniMlc.  lint  smaller 
)wn  and  baek.  more  liii.«  niji, 


|.|,,„,n„|,u- i,i,-ni,„.  'i'l""'"alri„s„mwrr:(:,'iwr.>]u'-  ^ 

,  .  ^''"i'>l.iiice  to  tlie  remalc.  but  smaller 

"""'  """•''  I''- ■  '"  '■"■""■.ilion:  th..  erown  and  baek,  inor..  brownish 

.    -1''"'""  "■""'■'••■   l- rHMn.a,ue,lhe   leathers  more  or   h'ss  ed^ed  with  while  ;    win-s    ,„«. 

cons   or, Tay  brown:  eoveri.  ed,vd  narrowly  will,  wlu.e;  u, ri.arts.  while. 

^;7'"V   ' f'";;'l<'<"l<'-<'^:   win,.;i.2.lto^.4,.:  tarsus,  1.25  ,o  1.40;  bill.  1.25  to  1.41) 

JMr:  Length,  S.4(.  to  -...10;  wino,  4  „„  to  4.!.(.;  larsus.  l.-.O  to  l.;«.;  bill.  1.20  to  l.;J. 

Wlk,.,.-..      I).. I _     !  ... 


SlIOKI'.    IIIIJDS    (»!'    NOUril    AMKKKA. 


85 


Family   RECURVIROSTRID/^:.     Avocf.ts  and  Stilts. 
GiNus  RECURVIROSTRA  Linn. 

This  family  consists  of  Iwct  or  llu'oc  lioncra,  (•oiiiprisini:-  ten  or  cloven 
spe<'i('s.  AVhilo  llicy  iisiiiilly  oldaiii  llicir  food  wadiiiu-  altoiit  in  sliallow  water, 
tlioy  ai-e  \vel»-f(»o(e(l  ami  swim  easily  an<l  iiracefiilly. 


.  /#» 


RECURVIROSTRA  AflERICANA   Gnul. 
American  Avocet. 

AitiiU  ill  >'iimmri-:  Hill,  very  slcml.T  ;ii  d  ciiivtMl  ii|i\\;inl<:  IVci.  pMil  l,\  wchb.'d  :  frciicr.-il 
pliiniii;;!',  wliitf.  ln'coiiiiii.i;-  fiiinimiKM  hraw  ii  im  llir  licail  and  iifck.  inil  ri'iii;diiiii!i-  wliitisli  al 
tlic  l>iist"  of  till' liill:  iiriiniirifs,  hliick;  most  nC  ilic  sfi'niid:iiic'<.  wliili',  I'oniMiiu- a  In'oad  wliilc 
jtMli'li  nil  tilt'  wiii.u-.  lail.  asliy  ^Tay:   l<',i,'s,  Idiiisli :   hill,  black. 

.Vliill    ill    ii-liilrf.    Ili-ad    and    iiiosl    nl'  ilic   iifck,   a-liy   iifay :    lail.  asliy    iiray ;   re-     as    in 

sumnHT  pliinia^c. 

Lt'ii<;tii.  IS  to -JO;   win;:-.  7..")(»  In  !»:  lail,  :{..")();   hill.  ;{.-J.")  lu  :t.7r. ;  lai'Mis,  .'{.(ill. 

Tills  is  a  western  species  which  i-anifcs  (Vom  the  (ii'cat  Slave  Lake  south- 
ward to  Central  .Vmcrica  and  (he  West   indies       It  (n'ciirs  commonly  in  Texas 


u 


SIIOKK    niliDS    OK    NouTil    AMKHICA. 


a.Kld.u.jr  the  (Juir  Coast   in  wiuto.-,  hut   is  n.,t  .o.nn.on  on  tl.o  Allanlic  c.ast 
'">'<'"  <>t  H--!:.,  alth,.u.l.  stra^glors  lu.vo  Ih-ou  n.-onlcd  IVo.n  dillnvnt  pointH 


extending  as  far  n.nti.  as  the  15ay  „f  Fun.ly .     It  breeds  innu  Texas  and  Illin„i. 
o.tinvard  to  .he  l^-itish   Pn.vinees.     The  e,,s  a.-e  tVon.  tln-ee  to  JrU        Z 
be,,  pale  grayish  ohve  spotted  will,  very  dark  brown. 


Gems  HIMANTOPUS   Bkiss. 


m 


SIIOKK    mUDS    or    NOltTII    AMKKICA. 


a? 


rilHANTOPUS   MEXICANUS    {Mull.). 

Black-necked  Stilt. 

Miill:  Top  ;iim1  sides  uI'  the  liciid  ;iiiil  l>Mck  of  the  iicrk  ami  hack,  black:  midfrfyclid  and  a 
spot  aliovi' and  lichind  tlif  eye  londii-ad,  and  sides  (if  llic  licad  under  tlic  rye,  w  Idle :  rest  of 
under  parts,  witli  llie  rinnp  and  upper  tail  eov.Mls,  wldle :  tail,  asii  ^ray  or  pearl  ^lay;  bill, 

black;  lejts,  red  in  life. 

The  innnature  bird  has  the  upper  i)arls  brownisli ;  feallii'rs,  ed<>-ed  with  whitish:  \vin;is. 
blackish,  some  of  tli<'  fealliers  tipped  with  wliite;  winj;-  coverts,  edged  with  bull'  or  tawny 
lirown:  under  parts,  white  mottled  with  black  and  tawny  brown. 

Lenj^th,  l.").5();  winji,  '.I;  tail.  :{:  tarsus.  4.25;  bill,  -i.TO. 


This   species   is  coiuMiou  tliroii.uiioiit   tropical  Aiuericii,  occasionally  Immiio- 

foiiiid  in   tiu!  .Mississipj)i   Valley  as   far 

nortli  as  Minnesota.      It  is  accidental  on 

the  Atlantic  coast  north  of  Florida  and 

A^  ^      Southern  Geortfia,  although  it  has  heon 

^^^■^"-"^  %  ™      recorded  as  far  north  as  Lono- I-sland  and 

_^^^  \         rl     Maine.     It  is  conunon  in  Floridii  after 

^^^  ','j     April    1,  and   breeds   from    Florida  and 

j^  "1     th(>  (iiilf  Stales  northward  u|)  the  Missis- 

;  I     sippi  Valley  t<t  Minnesota,  anil   west  to 

f  Utah  and  ()reo;on.     The  coos  are  laid  on 

tlie  oround,  sometimes  on  a  little  ui-ass, 
Thev  are  three  or  four  in   nnmher  and 


niiii.Mil(iiiii~   Mi'sicMiiii 

ar'l  •.  zain  without  any  nest  \vhatev«'r 


pale  l.rown  or  dnil  white,  spotted  and  marked  with  chocc.late  brown. 


38 


SlIOKK    UIUDS    OF    NOKTll    AMKIIK  A. 


Family  SCOLOPACID/E.     Snipes,  SANni-iPKRS,  ktc. 

A  very  larjic  fsiniily,  imiul)oi'ing  soiuo  100  siu'cics.  nhoiM  4")  of  which  occur 
in  North  Aiuericu. 

Genus   PHILOHELA    CiuAv. 


»"«* 


PHILOHELA   MINOR  {(im,/.). 

American  Woodcock. 

Adiitl :  IJill,  lon^,  I'ornijiMtcil  lu-nr  tlic  ciiil;  ii|i|)it  pMi'H  viirii'j>Mli'i|  wiih  i;i\\  ii\  riirdii-i, 
Iti'owii  iiiid  l)l;ieU;  licinl.  rufous  lirow  ii,  lijiiidcd  on  lln'  dccijiui  willi  mIIitiimIi' hiiinls  uf  Idiick 
iiuil  tawny  l)i'o\vn;  a  liiir  of  lilack  from  llic  I'vo  to  llir  l)ill;  ;i  iiairow  paicli  on  tln'  sides  of  ilic 
lower  head,  tdai'kisli :  ilii'cal,  palf  rufous  or  rufou<  wliiic:  uudi-r  parls  of  the  liod\',  |>mIc 
rufous:  i|Uills,  hrowuisli;  tail  fcatlicrs,  dusky,  lippi'd  witli  a-^li;  liill,  pale  hrown.  yidlowisli  at 
thf  t)as(';  It'^i's,  icddisli ;  l)ill.  lifjlit  lirowii.  paler  and  yellowish  al  liase. 

T^eugth.  11  50:  wiiij--,  5.45:  tarsus,  l.;tO:  hill.  l'.!)(»  Io;{.05. 

Coiiniioii  on  liic  Athintic;  coasl,  from  (he  nritisii  I'loviiiccs  to  the  (Jiilf  of 
Mexico,  wi'st  to  Kiiii.sii.s  aiid   Daliotii,  lurcdiiio'  Ihi-oiioiiont  its  raiio'c,  hut   iiior«' 


SHOKK    IMKDS    OF    \01!TH    AMKKICA. 


30 


commonly  iiortli  of  the  Ciiroliiias.  Il  is  occartioiiiilly  observo;!  in  Florida  m 
\vinl(!r,  and  is  very  ahiindanl  in  llic  swamps  of  Alabama  and  Louisiana  at  somo 
seasons.     TIh'  oiijus  i.ic  usually  four,  mottled  and  spotted  with  brown. 

'{'he  Kuropean  AVoodeoek  {.Scolopax  rnstkohi,  is  lariror  than  our  l»ird,  and 
may  be  easily  dislinuuished  from  it  by  the  heavily  barred  under  parts,  and 
liavini--  the  win<:s  also  l)arred  with  rufous  brown.  The  outer  primary  is  not 
emarginate,  as  in  the  Anu-riean  species.  There  are  mimerous  records  of  the 
occurrence  of  this  bird  in  eastern  North  America. 

GiNus  GALLINAGO   Li-ach. 

OALLINAQO    DELICATA  (Ord). 


'^■: 


..gP^^ 


(iiiUiiiatfi)  ili'lii'iitii. 


Wilson's  Snipe. 

Km.i.ish   Snii'i;.      .I.\<k   Snom;.     (iiiiKi;   Snm-k. 

A.hilt :  I'.ill,  loii.i;' iiiiil  str:ii,u,lit.  lifiiii;-  sli<,'litly  cnlMrKcd  iiciir  lliv 
tip  iiiid  sliowiiiu'  mmicroiis  siiimII  pits;  iiu  wih  liclwcfii  mitfr  imd 
iiiiildlt!  toes;  jr<'iii'i-:d  ui)pL"r  pints,  diiik  i)r()\Mi,  tiiwiiy  biuwii.  p;df 
yi'llow,  dull  wliitc;  toiiuf  tlif  lifiid,  bliK'U  wilii  middle  stripe  of  tawny 
itrowii:  outer  weli  of  lirst  primary,  white:  <;feaVer  win,«;  coverts, 
bfowidsli  or  diisl<y  witli  wliite  tips:  axillars  and  under  surface  of 
wiiius.  l>arfed  witli  hiaek:  upper  tail  euvefts,  tawiiy  hfowii  lian-ed 
with  black;  tail  featheis.  chestnut  hiown  with  suhteniiinal  black 
bar:  lips,  white,  and  leathers  marked  with  lilack  at  tlie  base:  under 
parts,  white:  breast  and  throat,  speckl.'d  and  lined  with  lu'owii:  sides  of  the  body,  brownish 
barred  witli  ihdl  black. 

I.eiijith.  II;  win--.  5:  tail,  2.-J(t :  tarsus.  l.-Jf):  bill,  2.40  to 'i.m). 

The  English  Snipe,  or  Wilson's  Snipe,  is  one  of  our  best  known  game  birds 
and  is  very  abundant  in  suitable  localities  dtiring  the  migrations.  It  ranges 
from  Ciintula  iind  British  Columbia,  south,  in  winter  to  the  West  Indies,  and 
even  to  Sotith  Amcricii.  It  breeds  from  the  latitude  of  New  England  north- 
wiird.  The  nest  is  placed  on  the  ground,  iind  the  eggs  are  three  or  four, 
u-uallv  of  a  gniyish  iish  coh)r  blotched  with  chocolate  brown,  heaviest  iit  the 
largest  end.  They  measure  l..")()  .\  1.1 "».  In  some  htcalities  in  the  Southern 
States,  dtiring  the  winter  months,  thousiinds  of  these  birds  are  killed  on  the 
marshes  where  I  hey  collect  on  some  especiiilly  good  feeding  ground.  When 
lirst  disturbed  they  utter  ti  pectiliiir  r/iccp  as  they  rise  from  the  ground,  often 
rciiciited  dining  their  llight,  which  is  very  irregular,  making  them  one  o»'  the 
most  dillicult  birds  to  shoot. 


40 


SIIOUK    lillJDS    OF    NOKTII    AMKUIOA. 


Tlu.    iM.n.iu.an  Sni|K.   {Gal/hunfo  ,jallh,a,ju)  l,,,s  not  as  yd  In-on  takrn  in 
the  I  niU'd  States :  hnt  it  i.as  hoen   .cconlc.l  tVon.  (Jm-nland  un.l  the   IJcrnnula 


Kii).'lisli  Miip..,  Ill'  WiNdiiV  s 


iiipc. 


Islands.  It  somewhat  resonil.Ies  our  hinl,  lu.t  the  tail  feathers  nsuailv  nun.bcr 
t..urteen,  althoi.irh  this  character  is  not  .-onstant.  It  has  no  standin^r  ,„s  a 
.Nortli  American  .si>ecics,  except  from  its  occurrence  in  Greeidand 


.SIIOUK    llll.'KS    OK    NOliTII    WIKIilCA. 


41 


Genus   MACRORHAMPHUS   Leacii. 

MACRORHAnPHUS   GRISEUS    (Gmcl.). 
Dowitcher.    Red-breasted  Snipe.    Brown  Back. 

.\,ln\l  //,   >»,„,,/.,•.■   A  siiiMll   w.'h  1m.Uv.tii  111.'  nut. T  and  iiiid.lh'  l.x-s;  iii.|..m-  |.Mrls,  blii.'Uisli 

tVallicrs  rdjrt'il  with 
tMWiiy  tirowii :  tup 
ol  licad.  lilacKisli. 
■iiiotll.Ml  witli  tawny  ''^r«S2 
l)i'c)\s  11 :  under  parts, 
red  In'MWii.  tiaiidcd 
•/j^y/,  on  tilt'  sides;  throat 

and       lireast      only 

siii,'lillv  spotted,  entirely  williont    s|miIs  in 

some  liliiinai^es;  tail  and  upper  tail  cov- 

Mii(niiiiaiiiiiini>  ^'liM'u-.  erts,  barred  with  black  ;  liill,  dark  olive. 

.!«/»//  iH  (/•/;//(•(•  .Upijer  parts,  --rayisli.  tlie  IVatliers  sti.)\viii,ii  laiiit  eil,<-es  of  hiitroii  the  hiifk: 

ehin  and  snpeiviliaiy  stripe  dull  jjiayish  white;  l)reast.  i;ray.  sli(.win.<;  sli--hl   traces  of  tawny 

,,,ft. iitirely  altseiit);  rest  of  under  parts,  dirty  white,  mottled  on  the  erissum ;  t;iil.  Iiaiided 

dark  brown  or  Idack  and  white. 

I.eiii-lli.  l(».:t():  will-;-.  .'..TO;  tarsus.  l.;t(»;  lii'l.  2.2lt  to  -J.-^O. 

Tlu?  U(nl-l)iviist('(l  Siiipcor  Dowitclirr,  fiinocs  from  the  .Vntii- Ciivlo,  wlii'vc 
it,  hroods,  to  Sotitli  Aiucricii,  lioiiio'  coimiioii  in  llic  United  States  (liirino-  tiu' 
niiorations.  It  is  a  well-known  bird  to  disort.sinen,  and  its  lon,o-,  sniiuJ-liUc  i>ill 
will  always  distinoiii.sh  it  from  other  spooios  of  slioiv  hifds,  exeept  the  Wilson's 
Snipe,  from  \\hi(^h  it  may  he  known  at  a  glance  hy  the  .small  weh  hetween  the 
„iit.!f  and  mi(hlle  toes,  "and  hy  its  dilleieiitly  marked  tail  and  tail  eoverts. 
It  occurs  in  Mocks,  and  where  it  has  not  I)een  persecuted  hy  gunners,  is  very 
tame  and  unstispicioiis,  and  comes  readily  to  decoys.  The  eggs  are  dull  hidf 
or  piUe  olive  speckled  with  dark  hrown. 


MACRORHAMPHUS    SCOLOPACEUS   Say. 
LonK-billed  Dowitcher.    Western  Red-breasted  Snipe. 

l.'eM.mld.'S  the  pree...lilli;-  speeies.  hilt  the  hill  is  ion-er.  and  in  hreedin-  phiniM-e.  the  sides 
of  the  body  are  m..re  ilisiinetly  barred  with  black :  the  tliroat  and  breast  more  riil..iis.  and  the 
U,-eneral  plniiia.ii'e  more  hiji^hly  colored. 

Ill  winU'r  the  principal  ditVereiice  is  one  of  si/.e. 

I,eiii;th.  II  :  wiii,tr.  <>.()■"):  tarsus.  1..').");  bill.  2.2(1  to  2.(iO. 

This  species,  which  is  ch..sely  allied  lo  the  eastern  liird,  in   hieeding  pluin- 
>,o,  niiiy  lie  disiingui.shed  from   i(    l»y  its  longer  l>ill.  Iitincd  sides,  and  richer 


•^IIOUE    HIKDS    OK    NOKTII    AMKHICA. 

.»;i..n.li"...     In  wiuR.,- IlK.y  ,lhr,.,-  I„M  li„l,.  ,.x.,.|„  i„  |,.„jrll,  ..rhill.     ,1  ,,,„..os 

"""     '^'"''':"    ";  "'"'  ,^''-i- i   Vall..v,  an,l  »,„„|,    „,    M,.,;,,,,    „,,,„ ^^ 

»  |"<l...n,,  ,„  ,  e  A.lantie  e,,,.,,  ,„...,„.,.i„,  ,, ..„.|„„   ,,,, ,,v  ;„U-r  in 

<•[  tlu'  preceding  species. 


Mii-iii|i:il:niiii  liiiijMiilii|iil>. 


Gknus  MICROPALAMA  Haikd. 

MICROPALAMA    HIMANTOPUS    {/io^a/.). 

Stilt  Sandpiper. 

AihiU   ill   xiinniu;-:    l.cjrs.   dull  olive  Rreen lin- 

pliiniM-...  ,Iull  whit.,  i.n.t  dark  l.n.w,.,  bei.ijr  |,,„„i,,,,  „„ 
•'"■  ">'<l..r  parts  with  ,iarl<  l.n.w.,.  an.l  the  u|.|...r  parts 
str..al<(.il  with  .jarlv  hruwii:  a  strij...  ,.r  di,.st„„i  !„.„wn 
ahov..  an.l  h.-low  tl...  ,.y...  n,.-  f.,ri,u.r  ..xl.Mulin^.  l.a.'lc- 
wanis  aiHlJoinin-  at  th..  ..ceiput;  s.-omlari.'s  ,.d-.'.l  with 
tawny  hrowii. 

.\'lulf  ill  rriiiirr:  I  ,,,„.,•  plnni:..-..,  jjrav;  f.-atiiers.  on 
111"  l»ack,  ,..lo-...l  with  whil.':  I.reast.  pal.,  l.nir,  sliwhlly 
1I1..UI...1.  sha.ling  int..  .Inil  whit.-  ..n   ih."  up,...r  llm.al- 


'"•lly.  .lull  wliil.-;  Iiiil.  I.laok. 

\A'n'^t\u  S.20:  winjr.  ,5:  tarsus,  1.65  ;   l.ill,  l.co. 

This  species  ranges  fV„.n  the  Arctic  ('ir,-Ie  to  Sonth  America,  iH-in-^  ,u,l 
m.cc,nun,,n  on  the  Atlai.tic  c-oast  at  ti.nes  during  the  migrations;  u^nuul^ui  in 
l^h.nda,  n.  March,  on  the  n.arshes  along  the  east  coast.  It  has  somewhat  the 
api^rancc  ot  a  vo.y  dimi.n.tive  stimmer  yellow-logs,  hnt  its  legs  are  olive 
green  instead  ot  yellow. 

It  breed,  in  the  far  north;  the  eggs  are  usnally  4,  pale,  I.tdiy  white  or 
gmyish  winte,  si.otte.l  with  i.rown,  and  measure  1.42  x  1. 


SllOlil",    IWKDS    OF    NOKTII    AMKIMCA. 


i:\ 


GiNus   TRINGA   Linn. 

SURf:ENUS   TRINGA. 

TRINQA   CANUTUS    (//«//.)• 

Knot.     Robin  Snipe. 

HkI.UKKAST    SANI>riPKl!.        r.l.l  !•:    I'U'VKU.        (lliAVISACK. 


TrinjTM  CiiTuitus. 

SnmiiK'r  p'ltinnui':  Top  of  Ihr  lioad,  hiitly  wJiitcmix.-.l  with  liliiekish.  l'iM>«'r  pluniii^'o, 
viirii'jviilr.l,  wil'i  black,  wliil.-,  and  l)iilV.  TpixT  tail  cov.Tts.  liarrcd  witli  black  and  wliito, 
oft.MMnaik.'d  willi  Itnll':  rntirc  under  parts,  cxc.'pt  the  lower  alxloni.'n,  rufous  l.rown:  lower 
ahdonit'n,  white  ,  axillars.  white,  with  loiif";.  arrow-shap<".l  markings  of  dark  jji-ay. 

]Vi,U,;- i>ln,m;i,  :  Entire  upper  plnniafje.  ashy  f,'ray,  the  f.'athers  havin-r  pale,  brownish 
shafts.  showiufX  indistiuet  llu*-  lines:  upper  tail  coverts,  white,  banded  with  In-own:  under 
parts. 'white:  the  breast  and  sides  with  indistinct,  irrejiular  <lots  Mud  l)ands  of  brownish  -rray : 
bi'lly,  and  undi'r  tail  coverts,  pure  white:  axiUars,  white,  witli  irrej-ular,  arrow-shaped, 
iu-ownish  }?niy  niarkin«i. 

I,en;ilh.  10.00:  win;;-.  »).70 :  tarsus,  1.-25:  bill.  l.:U). 

Tho  Knot  i,s  a  cosniopolitiiii  spccios  which  broods  in  tho  Arctio  regions, 
and  is  coninion  in  tho  United  Stutes  (hiiino  mioi-atioiis.  11  wintofs  tVoin 
Fhu-ida  t(»  South  Amoiic.:,  a  tow  roniaininii- in  Fh)ri<l!i  all  winter.  The  ogjrs 
are  knf)wn  only  front  a  single  spocinion  taken  near  Fcn-t  Clongcr,  hy  (ieneral 
Greeley,  and  desoril)od  as  "light  pea  green,  oloscly  spotted  with  Itrown,  in 
small   spooks   alxmt    tho  size  of  a  pinhoad."     (See  Meriiain,  Aid<.  11,  IS.S"), 


p.  aia.) 


44 


SIlOIJK    HIUI'N    •)!'    NOKTII     .\MKI!|(  A. 


Sri;<;|..Ms    ARQUATELLA    lUlKi.. 
TRINQA    MARITIMA    /?///////.. 
Purple  Sandpiper. 


^ 


I 


Tiii 


in:>  iiiMnlMii,'!. 


Tlio  I'urplc  .Sjiii(lpii)or  is  a   northern  si)ocics,  hrccdinii'  in   liiiili   lalidid 


Imt  occurrniii-  m  winter  on  tlie  Alluntic  (-(.iisJ  (o  the  ^luhWv  Slal 


es. 


es,  and  occa- 


■^ionailv  to  Floiida.     Some  l)ir<ls  rei 


nain  on  the  New  Enirlaiid  coast  all  wint 


er 


rre(|uentino-  roeUy  lediics.      It  breeds  from   XoHhern  llndson's  IJav  to  (Jreen 


land.     The   e<-<is,    usuallv   four,   are  hull" 


mottled   with  l)rown,  and  me 
l*acitie  coast. 


sometimes    tini^ed    with    olive    ;ind 


iisure    1.  lOx  l.O').      If    d( 


•es    not    oeein-    on    the 


SIIOllK    milMS    «H-    NOUTII    AMKIiKiA, 


4fi 


SuiiOKNis  ACTODROMAS  K\ri 

TRINOA    HACDLATA      liall. 

Pectoral   Sandpiper. 

(IiiAss  lliwh. 


■«*^\ 


'I'l'illLM     llinrllllll.'l. 


'I'rliiKii  nitK'iiliilii. 

A'hill  ill  Kyiiniirr :  llciul  niid  ill)])!'!'  psirts.  diirk  hrowri.  Ilir  fciillicrs  cilj^cd  willi  t.iwny: 
tliroMl  aixl  l)flly,  wliitr;  hrciisl,  pjili'  liniwii.  tlic  IcMllicrs  iijurowly  stic;iU(Ml  willi  il,irl<  liniwn 
or  lilackisli ;  iippur  tail  cnvfrts,  Idack :  two  niiilillf  tail  rcatlicrs  Idiifii-r  tl  ■  tlic  nilicrs:  liasal 
liair  nl'  hill,  iliill  jiTi't'iiisli  yellow. 

W'hi/ir  iiliuiKiiif :  llrcast.  Iirnwnisli  liiill'.  ami  iippi'f  itarts.  mofc  lirownisli. 

LiMijitli, '••:  \viii;c,  r).2r):  tarsus.  1.(1"):  liill,  1.15. 

'I'liis  species  rniiires  from  llie  Arctic  reuions  jo  Soiilii  Ameiicji,  l)eiii<i'  com- 
mon on  11h'  Atlantic  coast  durlnii'  miirnitioiis.  It  In-oods  in  the  tar  north.  The 
eiiiTs  are  four,  ^roenish  hull',  mottled  with  hrown,  hetiviest  at  the  lai'ii'or  end. 
and  meiisiire  l."»Ox  l.O'.l  (Miirdock).  The  I'ectond  Sandpiper  may  always  he 
distinirnislu^d  from  the  next   species  hy  its  l»lacl<isii   middle  upper  tail  coverts. 


in 


SlIOUK    lUKDS    Ol-    NOIMll    AMKKK  A. 


'rriiiirii  lii-ciciillis. 


TRINQA   FUSCICOLMS     /  >   //. 
White-rumped  Sandpiper. 


A'hdl  in  siliiniirr:    Top  ol    ||m.  1i,.;,(1  iiimI  Itiick,  molt  It'll 

Willi  lijjiflv.  (lull  Willi. ■.  .'Mill  liiilV:  lliniiit,  wiiitc;  bn-iifir, 
liiK'ly  lined  Willi  (link  lirowii;  l.clly,  wliilc;  iiniiiiiitTtVfl 
sii|H'rciliiiry  liiir  of  ilnl!  wlilic:  nimp,  dusky  ;ii-;iy,  and 
IIIOMt  ol   iipptT  lull  covi'i-ls.  wliiic. 

Ailnli  ill  n-iiilrr :  Top  ol' 
llif  lit'.id  :ind  liMi-k,  ;i!ay- 
isli,  soini'  i>(  llic  fcjillicis 
marked  witli  dark  lirowr. 
Jiivinjr  il  a  sllj^liMy  mottled 
appearance  oil  the  haek  and 
lop  of  III!'  head:  upper 
lliroal.  while:  I 


ieasl,asli; 
;;ray,  I  he  shafis  of  tli 
fealhers   showiiiir    lirown 


H |i  Mini  ii|>|ii'i'  i.'iil  cijvcri^. 


■Ily.  while:  forehead,  whilisli.  extending-  in  an  imperfect  superciliary  11 
I.eiiiilh.  ((.S."):   wiiiu.  I.iiri:  larsiis,  .'.15 :   hill,  .'.1.5. 


Thi.s  s|)(K'io.s  iiiiiy  rciidily  hv  <listiiij:iiisli(Ml  liy  i(s  while  upper  lail  covorts. 
If  niniivs  from  Ihe  Arctic  i(>oi„„s  south  to  CVnlral  .•lud  South  Auhmmcm  and  tho 
West  Indies,  lieiiiiz-  one  of  our  <'oniiuon  l»(!:ich  birds  (hiriiiL"-  the  ini<rratioiis. 
It  lireeds  in  hioh  hititudes.  The  e<-irs,  wiiich  are  usually  four,  are  hull"  or 
olive,  spotted  and  dotted  with  dark  brown,  and  measure  about  1.27  .\  ,94 
( Uidiiway ). 


SIIOliK    mi!l>S    or    NUlilll     AMKIMCA. 


TKINGA    BAIROII   {Coin-s). 
Uaird's   Sanilpiper. 

SiniiiiK'i-  iihiiiiiiiif  :  <'n>\vii.  iliiiU  liitiwii.  inixfil  williliull': 
\M\tr  Mild  uiipir  liiii'k,  narrowly  ulrciikt'd  with  lnilV  iiiiil  ilnrk 
hfowii:  III!  IViiItiiTs  of  ihi'  hack,  dark  limwii.  narrowly 
.■d^fil  Willi  wliiir:  upi'cr  tail  coverts,  blackish;  the 
feathers  usually  narrowly  tipped  with  buff;  two  ..nlral 

tail    IValiifis,  vi'iy  sliulilly    loniici-  lliaii    ll iIhts.  —  not 

drcidcdly  loiij;i'i.  ;h  in  Trin.ua  iiiaoulata :  cliin.  wliilr: 
liica^I.  hrowiiisli  Imll'.  sliowinii  very  faint  and  narrow 
streaks  ol  hrowii;  nndrr  parts.  IniiVy  while  witli  a  I'ainl 
linj;c  of  liiilV,  sDiiH'linics  entirely  wiiile. 


'I'liiit;:!   Iiainlli. 


Wiiitir  iiliiiiiiii/r  :   Similar,  hut  paler. 

Iniiii'ilitir:    Itesenildes  the  adnll.  Imt    has  the   leathers  of 
llie  haek  and  winj;  eoverts  tipped  willi  while. 

I.eniilh.  T.Kt:  wiiiii;.  •."><»  to  l.'.K) :  tarsus,  1;  hill,  1. 

Ikird's  Sandpiiu'V  is  iiii  iiilaiKl  species,  whieli 
fiiimo.s  from  the  Hritisli  Provinces  to  Wcsteni  South 
.Viiiericji.  It  is  a  rare  hiid  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
althoniiii  occasionally  taken  (luring-  the  niioiations. 
otiished  tVoni  tiie  wiiite-niinped  San(li)ii)er  l)y  its  dark  tipper  tail  coverts,  and 
fi-oin  the  Pectoral  Sandpiper  l)y  the  al.sence  of  the  elonojited  middle  tail 
feathers.  This  species  is  not  known  to  occur  on  the  Pacific  coast.  It  breeds 
in' the  Arctic  reoi„ns.  The  eji-.i-s  are  tistially  tonr.  pale  hrown  or  cream  hnW, 
spolti'd  with  chestnut  hrown. 


TriiiiiM  li.-iiTilii. 

It  mav  alwavs  l)e  distin- 


IN 


SIIOI!!-.    IJIIfDS    (»I.-    NOKTII     AM  KIJIC  \ . 


TRINQA    MINUTILLA   {I /,■,//.). 
Least  Sandpiper. 


I 


~"  ''-"'"WS'at...  .:<«jjyi,''i>'iwi',' 


'I'l'llij;;!  iiiilLlitilhi. 


.hhi//  in  siniiiiirr:  Vrvv  sniiill: 
ii|>i»T  iiMits  iiuirKcd  witli  iMwny 
'•l.icU  Mild  p:ilr  iMitr:  iimlcr  |,;irls. 
wliitisli  on  111,,  iliio.il.  sli.Kliiii;-  in 
liiMsliy-i-ay.  slmwiiii;- f;,-,,,,  Itrdwii- 
i-^li  lines  (III  til..  In<.;is(  :   rest  <>[  tin. 

IIIMl..r|.MIIS.  Wllil,.;     bill,  dull  l.lMck. 
\()  ii-i  h  IiiIji;  ,  II  liii  .s. 


I'liiiii.-i  iiiiiiiiiill.'i. 


.\,lii/t  in  inn,,:,:   Similar  to  ili..  mIu.v,..  I,m  i,-,.,.iv,.r  in  ,.,.lui- 
l.on-lli.  5.50  In  (1.5(t;   win-   ;i.(l(»;    u.rsus.  .75:"  hill,  .s",. 

The  Least  SiiiulpiiKT  in:,v  lie  (listini.ui,slie.l  iVom  the  S,.,nii.Mh,ii.(e.l  S.,i„l 
l"l-r  l>y  li.e  ahsene,.  „f  (h,.  .mull  uel,  I.HweeM  H.e  |„es,  so  n.dieeMMe  i./deU 
species. 

It  is  ecnnuon  thnn.iihn.t  \„rlh  a.,,1  South  Anicne.-..  l„v...|iM,  „orlh  of  the 

Un.te.1  States       It    is  very  Mhuiulant  on  o,,;.  sho.vs  .i„.  ,|.,.  ,.,iirmtio,.s,  a.wl 

IS  one  ot  the  speeies  known   I.,  o^nnners  l,v  the  n.-une  of  |>,.,.|,.      The  e.-vs  .„v 
Hirer  to  1o,t.  o-enerMlly  pale  l.uir,  niotlle.l  with  eluvstniK  lirow,,. 


SHOKK    illUDS    OF    NOKTII    A.MKIilCA. 


49 


S(  l:.;iNi>    PELIDNA    (  rv. 

TRINQA  ALPINA  PACIFICA     (C>/ns). 

Red-backed  Sandpiper. 

A(ti(li  ill  siiiiiiiirr :  Hill  slijihlly  lii'iil  iliiw  II  iic;ii- the  lip:  1  lie  IV.-ii  hers 

on  till'  t(i|)  ol'tht;  liciiil  iiikI  hack,  l)rii;iil  nil'<iii<  liri)\vii.  Iicavilv  Itloicjit'il 

w  ilii  black  on  lln'ci'iil  ral  jiarl  of  rai'li  IVmIIht:  lliroal.  \\  liilisli :   hrcast 

^        sli-fakt'il  Willi  lilai'l; :   liclly.  hlaulc  on  tlic  ii|pi)ci-  pari  :   lower  lirlly  and 

\      crismini,  wliili':  MM.  hlacU. 

■I'liiiK.i  iiljiiiiM  |iMiiili:i.  .!./((//    /)(    iriiiiir:    rppcr    pai-|<.  uray,   sli^liily    inotlli'd:    iln-nal. 

wliilc:   lircasl.  .<;ray.  llic  sliatts  of  tlic  IVallii'is  dail;  liiown:   liclly  and  iiiidcr  tail  coverts,  imrc 

wlii(c:  a  faiiil,  dull  while  siipci-ciliar\  line. 

l.eiiM||i.  s:   w  inn.  1.75:  tarsus.  1.1(1:   hill.  I.e."). 

Tlic  lfo(l-l>!uk((l  Siiii(l|»i|H'i',  Aiiicric'iii  Duiiliii,  or  r.cadh.-u-k.  Jif*  it  is  soiiio 
times    cit'Icd,    niiiocs    tliroiiolioiil     Nortli   .\iitcrlc;i  fioiii  liic    .Vtliiiilic    fo    llic 
I'inilic.    l»ro('(liiio-   tar   iiorliiward.      It  is  coiiiuioii  on  flic  foasls  (liiiini:-  iiijoia- 
tioiis,  and  is  iiatiiialiy  taint'  and  uiisiispicious.      It  lrc'(iiK'iits  l)i)tii  hoai-hi's  and 


Siiiiiiiirr.  Wiiilcr. 

iiiarslics,  and  is  iisuallv  oIimm'vcmI  in  tlocUs.  It  has  hocn  toiind  hrcodinii'  alono; 
tlic  shores  of  Hchrino-  Sea  and  on  .McMlIo  Pcniiisida.  The  coos  are  usually 
I'oui',  hluisii  while  or  Itully  white,  marked  with  chocolate  hrown,  mostly  at  the 
laro'cr  end.  Tliey  luoasurc  aliout  l.lOx  i.  '/ym  pccnlidr  dccurrcil  hIJl  irill 
(llir(i)/,s  (Hsliiupuxli  (Ills  spfcii'S. 

The  Kuroiicnii  Dunlin,  Trlitijn  <il/n'ii'i  (Linn.),  which  is  \ovy  closely  allied 
to  the  .Vmericaii  form,  is  claimed  to  occur  in  Kasfom  .North  .Vmerica.  It 
dillers  I'hielly  in  heiiii;  somewhat  paler  in  coloralio...  and  aveiaocs  sliohtly 
smaller,  Init  thcs(^  diU'erences  are  a|)|»arently  l»y  no  means  constant. 


r»o 


SIIOKK    lilliDS    OK    NOltTII    AMKIJKA. 


TRINQA    FERRUGINEA    Ihmui. 
Curlew   Sandpiper. 


'I'lilii;:!    I 


en  .luliH'.'i. 


Aihi/I.  sKiitiiitr  ji  I  II  III  tl  II  ('  : 
llrMil.  iici'k.  :ili(i  llli(lfr|);Mis.  (;x- 
f('|il  ci-issimi,  ciiiiiiiiiiDn  Wrowii, 
or  rlifsiiiut  1  row  n  :  iippcr  pnrts. 
blai'Uisli.  inixcd  witli  rcddisli 
liidwii :  ii|(|(c;i;iil  coviTls.  wliil- 


isli.   miirkcd 


Willi     r)|;|(' 


bill. 


siijililly  di'iMir\c(l. 

^{tlilll.   irilltrr   iillliildljf  :     I'|l- 

pi'i-  pliiiiiMiif.  .ii'i'MX'  or  brnwidsh 
;iT:iy.  Ilic  rciillicr^  sliowiiiir  d.irU 


■'b.'it't     siicnk 


M     sii|icrciii;iry 


slri|M'.  Mild  iiridtT  piirls.  w  liilc; 
tbe  ('best  fMiiilly  tliii;cd  wilb 
KHiy ;  nmip.  wbllf;  upper  I:mI 
I'ovcris.  wbllc.  mnrkt'd  wiili 
bl,icr<. 

Voiiiiii-  biids  liMVf  ibc  upper 


pbiniMp'    dusky.    Ibe     t'e;iili 
•  'il^cd  wilb   ImHI  :    hre.isi 


ers 
liiiiied 


wilb  liuir. 


l-fUj;lli.7.2:)lo  !):  wiiij'.  1. 


lo5.'J0:  bill,  I.IOio  l.co: 
i.os  lo  l.-_)0 


liirsiiM 


'i'lic  ("inicw  SMiulpiixT  is  jiii  old  world  species,  uliidi,  altlioiii-li  it  liiis  1 


lalsiMi  ii    iiiiiiilxM'  of  liiii 


»oon 


cs  on   our  shores,  (•.•m    only   Ix-   eonsi(ler<'(l 


stra.iio-ler.     Sperinioiis  liav(>  I.een   recorded  iVoni  Canadii.  .Nova   So 
cliiisetts  (;i)  and  Loiii--  Island.      I|  lias  al 


as  a    I'are 
otia,  Ma.ssa- 


SO    !»('( 


11  la  ken  in  Alaska. 


SlIOHK.    ItlliDS    OK    NOliTII    AMKKHA. 


51 


SuiiGKNus   ANCYLOCHEILUS   K 
Ckms  EREUNETES   Iiiickr. 
EREUNETES    PUSILLUS    {/Jnn.). 
Semipalmated   Sandpiper    "Peep." 


AUI' 


L- 


^  -, 


KiC'lllH'lc-     |MI-illll- 


Aihill  ill  siiiiniiiv :  lli';i\il\  iiiiiilvi'il  Willi  il.iik  Imowii  iiihI  Imwiiv  mi  ilii  ip 
<il  ilii'  lii'.'iil  Miiil  li.'ii'l;:  lni'i'licail,  wliiii-li:  iiinli'i'  |i,'irls  iiini  ilirnji.  iiit>  ; 
lirciist,  muitlcil  Willi  ni'.'iyi>li :   lidly.  wliiii':  ^"n  n-iih  sni'ill  "v//. 

Aihill  in  ii-iiitif:  Ippcr  pMiMs.  i;r.i\i>li.  nuillli'il  uilli  lii'uw  ii  nii  ihc  IicmiI. 
;lli(l  III!'  t'c.illii'i-  show  iii^' il.iiU  hiciwii.  cilui'ii  wiili  wliiic  on  llic  iiiick;  lliinMl. 
^  wliilf:  liit'M-i|.  \ci-\  tiiiiillv  \v;i-i|i('(l  w  iili  ;ir;iy.  wliicli  is  suiiicliiiifs  \  rry  imlis- 
lilicl  :   lii'lly  .iiicl  iiii^liT  l.iil  I'liNi'il-;,  w  liili' :  Inca  ii-ilh  aiiinll  nwli. 

\a-\\'^\\\.  (1:  win;;',  lij"):  l;ir<ii>i.  ."."i;  liill.  .S(l. 


Hiinu'cs  from  (lie  Arctic  Sea,  soiitliwanl,  to  tlic  West  lixlics  tmd  South 
Aiucricii.  It  is  coiiinion  on  tlic  lica<-|i(>s  aiid  iiiai'slics  of  tii(>  Atlantic  coast 
(liii'injj:  niii>ralions,  ulicrc  it  is  called  "l*ec|)"'  Itv  nimncrs.  In  si/e  and 
p'lH'ral    appoiirance    it     soinculiat    ie-.cinl)lcs    the    liC.ist    Sandpiper    (another 


SlIOHK    lUIiDS    OF    NOlM'll    AMKHICA. 


"Pc('|)"  of  the  piiiiiiiii''  f'liilcniitv  ),  hut  inav  :il\Vii_vs  lu>  listinuuisliod  iVoni 
tli;it  species  hy  tlie  seini-i)!iliii:ite(l  or  partly  wehhed  toes.  It  hreeds  in  the 
aretie  regions.  The  eiius  are  luill' white,  mottled  witii  Itrown  and  clioeolate 
Itrown.  heaviest  oi.  the  laviicr  end.  T/iey  are  usually  four  in  innnhor  and 
measure  ahout   1 .1^0  \  .Sfi. 


EREUNETES  OCCIDENTALIS  I.a-wr. 
Western  Semipalmated  Sandpiper.     "  Peep." 

In  siiiiiiiKT  phiiii.mf  ilii<  s|H>cic'<  iiiii.v  111'  ilisliii,i,'iiislic(l  lioiii  E.  iuisH/ks  liy  ils  loii;;ri-  liill 
(\\liiclii>  (.rt.'iiliino  l.-jr.  iiicli.'<  ill  Ifii'iili.  wliilc  /•;./-/^s■//('»,s■l•Jln■ly,  IT  .■v<t,  1i;is  ilic  Mil  onrindi). 
I>.v  its  il.HJdcdly  stivMk.Ml  hiv.isi  ami  llic  IcUiicrs  ef  tin'  I.Mck  IxMiij;- iiini -.mhmI  witli  nifoiis.  Tlif 
wiiitci-  iilmiiMiivs.  ti.iwcvor.  (iitln-  hut  Hltl<-.  if  iiiiy,  iuid  i.wiisioiiiiliy  s|)i'ciiiH'iis  ol  tlir  WrsKMii 
S:ui(l|)i]H.r  ocelli- wliicli  li.iw  t  In- hill  less  tli.'iii  one  iiu'h,  iiml  in  siiVli  ruses  it  is  iilniost  iniiios- 
sihli.  tndisiiiiiiiiisli  tliciii  IVdiii  the  wiiit.Tcximiplcs  of  /■:.  i„i.iilhis ;  tlicicfor.'   it    is   in'riiiips  ;is 

well  lor  111,.  s|.ortsiii..|i  lo  consider  .ill  of  tiiose  birds  iijivin--  hills  less  ili.-in  ( inch  in   lenirtli 

to  he  /■;. /,»^•//^^^•.  iiiid  if  it  is  i-'poi|,inlt()li;ivetlie  idoutiticat ion  Mhsoliitely  iicciirat.'.  Iliey  could 
easily  ohiain  the  o|)ini<pn  of  some  professional  ornillioloiiist  to  settle  siicli  a  line  |H>iiii. 

I.eiij;-Ili,  0:   win,-;-,  ;i.sr):  tarsus.  .S2;   hill,  .',10  to  LIT), 

The  Sandpiper  oectisionally  oeeiirs  on  the  .Vtlantic  coast,  Mlthotio-h  its  home 
is  properly  in  the  West.  It  ran,«,res  from  the  arctic  reoions  and  Alaska,  where 
it  breeds,  south  lo  the  (iiilf  of  Mexico  and  Sotitii  .America.  It  is  common  in 
Florida  in  winter,  more  so  on  the  west  than  on  the  east  eotisl. 

The  eo-o-s  ,,re  four,  pale  hull',  dotted  with  dtirk  i.rowii  or  chocolate  brown. 


siioi.'K  luitDS  OF  voirnr  amkimca. 


(iKNus  CALIDRIS  Cuv. 

CALIDRIS   ARENARIA   (//;/;/.). 
Sanderling.    Bull-peep. 


Ailiili  ill  siiiniiiii- ■  llcud.  Iliiniil.  :iiiil  ii|i|»'r  pints,  cxci'pl  niTn|i,  icdilisli  lirowii.  Miu'k  tiiul 
wliili':  ihi'DMl  mill  Ihi'msI.  p:ili'  niloiis  liiow  ii.  uilli  iiioic  ur  li'ss  iliiiK  si»i|>i ;  lirllv  jiiiil  uiidcr 
pari-;,  piii'f   wiiili':   lilll  iiinl  li'iM.  Iilat-k:  lues,  llti-it'. 

Aihill  ill  iriii/ir:  Top  ul'  llii'  licail  and  hack,  asli  iii'ay,  liic  slial'ts  of  tin'  IVallicrs  bfiii<' 
liiiiw  II :     l(p|clii"id  and  ml  iif  under  parts,  \\  Idle  :   hill,  lijaek. 

I.eiii-ili,  S.l(»:    uin^-,  ."1.05:  i.irsiis.  1:  hill,  1. 

Tlii.s  cosiiiupoliliiii  .spccics.mijiy  alwiivs  lie  (li.stiiiiitiislicd  hy  the  ult.sciKH' 
of  flic  foiirlli  loc.  iM-iini'  IIk'  <»iily  s:iii(l|)i|i(M'*  occiirrinjr  on  our  cdast  liaviiii; 
lliicc    Iocs.      Il    is    coiiiiiioii    (liiiiiiij.'    iiiiii'i'iilioii.s,     niiiiiiiii;'    IVoiu     llic     .Vrctic 


*   riii\rl>  :il-ii  lun  c  llii'i'<'  Im'-, 


54 


SIIOKK    lilltDS    OF    XOIM'II    AMKUK'A. 


•  iillilris  iirfniii-iii. 


rcjiions  to  ll.o  West  Indies  !ui<l  South  Anu'ricji.  Iicii...-  nu- 
merous on  tlu.  Atlantic  and  Pacitic,  as  woli  as  in  tlio  interior. 
It  breeds  in  tlio  far  Nortii. 

Tiio  (•i.o:s.  wl,i,.|,  are   usually  four,  are   Iiol,i  ,»|ive  and  hurt", 
siK>tted  with  I)i-()\vn. 


Gknus  LIMOSA  Bkisson, 
LinOSA    FEDOA     (//////.) 
Harbled  Qodwit.     Red  Harlin. 


I 


.\(hill  in   sihiiKirr:    IJill.   ciii'vcd  ^lini.i  h-    ,,,,,.  ,,.i. 


SIIOHK    HUM  ^    OK    NOItTII    AMKIMCA. 


I'ciilluTs  liaiiilt'il  iiTf 


•  iiImiIv  witli  liniwri: 


•llv.  IMWIIV.   xniM'tiiiic^   \\\ 


55 


thou    Icmils;  liill,  tliill 


sli  i-(.l(.r  in  its  l.:is:il  iiiilf,  Hk-   ivst   MiuKi^li:  imi.T  w 


III 

l.l:icl<:  liiii,  l)iiri(Ml   willi   l>l;icl;:  iixiUiirs.   irifjiu 

illSlMIlCt'S 


III'  iiiilci'  iii'iniiiii  '^^^    jii 


Uii'il  with 


iiHTeiy  sliiiwiiifj  111!  iiiilifiiiii'ii  11 
or  dots  whiTf  till'  liiiiiils  Mil'  mil  IhtIVcI. 
Ailiilt  ill  ii-hiur:  Toii  iif  Hk'  Ih'ikI.  Ih" 


JMily  liJinilfil   Willi  ihiiU  sl;.ty  liiiiwi'.  "«  '*""»*' 
1  liiiiiTls  l.iit"  iihviiys  with  iiion-  or  htss  iin'^niliir  murks 


,11,  sti'r;il<iMl  Willi  |iiilr   Ill-own; 


l'c;illii'i-s  of  till'  liiU'U. 


(liiiU  liruwn, 


iniu'r  wi 


i'(l<'<!(l  Willi  iMwiiy 


hi,,,  whili'i  llm-nl.  liMli'  liulV,  fuintly  Imit.'iI   with  ln'own; 


lis  of  iiiitiT  iiriiiiiirii's.  spi'fKli'il  with  lii;icl< 


LciiRth.  lit:  win-i.  S.SO:  tiirsus. 


•i.Sd;  hill,  :{..")l>  t<>  1.50. 


The  MiU-lilcd  (iodwit,  or  Marliii,  dcctiis 


lliiouiiiioiit  North  AiiH'ric-a,  hreed- 


the  interior,  from  (lie  Missottri  ro-iioii  M«»r 


inji  in 

ranp's 

in   Lower  I'iiliforniii  and  T('xa> 


tln\  iird.     ( )n  tiio  I'acilic  coast  it 


from  Alaska  to  (^■ntral  America,  and  is  very  common  m  some  loca 

It  is  not   very  common    iinywiiere  on 


lilies 
the 


Atlantic  coast,  allhoii<>h  it  occurs  at  times  in 


some  n 


umhers  in  Florida. 


|,iniii-ii  li'iliiii- 


T,„.  ,.,,s  ,„■,.  Iluv,.  ,„•  r..m-.  .lull  l..„«nisl,  aA  col.,,-.  Motchoa  and  .not.lod 
with  <'-rav  and  lirayish  In  own. 

recorded  from    l^a   I  .i/.  IiO^^^'   '^  !>.,..;«,.  lehnids 

I    1  -4  4  ;  .    Viivti'M  i'l  ;ind  the  I  iiitic  isi.iiuis, 
summer,  1ml  il^  «nic  halntat  is  Austi.ilu  ami 


i 


I  i 


5(1 


SIIOUK    niKOS    OK    NOKTH    AMKKICA. 


LinOSA    H/EMA5TICA   (//////.). 
Hudsonian  tiodwit. 


Sinn  nil  r  iiliniinijr  :  rppiT  p!irl> 


d-Avk  hiinvii,  till-  IViilli 


jliMwinu; 


si>()i<  (if  |i;il('  rufous  hi'iiwn  <iu  llic 
<■ll^'ls:  rump,  white;  t:iil,  lil.-ick. 
ii|i|ic(l  Willi  \\)iiii>li :  cliiu.  wliiii-ili 
Willi  |);ii('  rufoii-::  rc^i  of  uihIit 
purls,  (liirii  lufniis  liruwii:  tiic 
ffjiilicrs  of  ilic  iliroiil  more  or  less 
<ii'c,ilu'(l  Willi  liliick.  !iii(l  llii'  fi'iilli- 
cl's  of  llic  lii'i'iisl  iiihI  liclly,  f;iiiilly 
t'd^cil  Willi  liiiick;  :ixill;irs,  vci'v 
(liirk  s!:ilc  color,  almost  lil.'ick. 


Il7///('c  jiliiiiiiiiii' 


Upp 


plu 


l.illM>-:i    ll;i'lll,'l~li('M. 


niMjrr.  (lull  "I'riiy :  fi'iillifrs  of  ihr 
liMck  iiiorc  or  less  ciliicd  wiili  ihiik  lirowii:  cliiu.  wliili-li;  Incisi.  pule  iii'.iy :  sluifls  of  ilic 
IimUhts  on  llic  sides  of  llic  lirciisl,  liiow  iiisli :  belly,  iiniyisli  hull',  soniciimcs  liiiU'y  while: 
under  t;iil  eoveils.  wliitisli:  ;iNili;irs.  d:iik.  smoky  jiriiy. 

I.eii.t'lli.  15:  Willi;.  S  to  S.liO:  iiirsus. -J.  |(»:  l.ill. -i.SO  lo  .■<.4(). 


I.i -ii    liirinn.-llcii. 


The  llii(ls()ui;iii  (lodwil, 
Hinil-tiiilcd  MiiiTin,  or  (iooso- 
liird,  MS  it  is  olteii  rjillcd, 
iMiiofs  (I'omtlic  airtic  rcoions 
to  Soiitliorn  South  America. 
It  is  coiiiiMon  in  siiitahh; 
h)calilies  (hiriiio'  inioiatioiis 
east  of  the  Jioeky  Moiiiitaiii.s 
but  does  not  oeeiir  on  tlie 
Paeifie  coast.  Tliis  tine  hird, 
like  many  otiier  ofonr  hirds, 
is  oradiudly  l»ecomino-  less 
and  less  niinieroiis.  It  in(>eds 
in  the  far  North.  Tiie  o<>"s, 
which  are  o(.|i, Tally  four  in 
nimil)er,  are  olive  In-own,  spot- 
ted with  dark  hrown,  and 
measure    ahoiit    2.20x1.;}"). 


SIIOl 


.,-.    UIKDS    OK    NOirni    AMKliK  A. 


57 


TOTANUS   MELANOLEUCUS  {Gmcl.). 
Greater  Yel.ow-le«s.    Winter  YeUow-.e^s 


.!(/((//    //'   sKiniiirr: 


r.ill.    ii'':ii 


•Iv   ^liiiii^lil:    iiiH"'!-  |>lu- 


iHlc.l  with  wliil''  ;ii 


wliiK',  l';irn'( 


,1  hliicU:  iil'l"'' 


tail  fovcrl^ 


1  with  l.lnck:  IlinMl.  nv 


hit.-.  sUviiU.'tl  Willi 


if    iiiiilfi'    1 


liil.-.   iKMvily  si  I 


•en 


il<fil 


M\\\y 


mil 


,..,U.'(1  Willi  liliH'ti:  111 
liiif.  I'iil.  I'l:"''-  •""' 


,1,11,.  of  iK'Hy.  "•' 
legs,  yellow. 


.„ls   wiiit.N   inriiul!! 

ily  iilwiiys  iiun: 


!,/((//  /('  "'"' 


In' 


■l'„l,  (if    till'    iK'Mll 


•AW 


w 


hitv  ;iii(l  'li'il^  '""^^'" 


l,;,cl<,  hrnwii 


I  ii.'cl<.  stivaUt'il 
111,.  r,.;Ulu'r>  iiiii'- 


VI  )W 
lUlll'' 


w 


Iv   O' 


1„,,1  Willi  wliitisli:  cliiii, 

il  Willi  'lii'-l<  '>'-"^^"-   ' 
legs,  yellow 


whilf.  "•■' 


hrciisl.  wliiK 


iwlv  liiif 


■si  (if  iiiidfr  purls. 


hito:  1)111,  I'liii'lv  :""' 


1,.M1 


-til,  11:  wiii.tr.  «•' 


.-)-.  l;irsiis, 


•2.4.-,:  hill.  -i.liO. 


UVO 


(he  Siiinnu'V  VcHow 


ant 


I  his  lu'iiv  vola- 
(hiihlv  the 


Av'S,  aio  pit 


1k'.sI  known  reproso 


■rnUUIIl-   l"< 


iiiuolflirll>. 


,  .,,1,.      Th.  clear,  slmip,   w 


ntativ 
ihaii 


OS  o 


if  any 


)t"  our  siiorc 


V  Umr  o 


pcatctl  rapiiU 
known   to   -iinncn 


I-  tivc  tinu' 


(lesiTiuUnii-  in  >^^»>^' 


^histlinu'    nolo,   ro- 
le, h 


■tones  clown  tlie  soale, 


lornior  yoan 


It    li- 


throiiulioiit  t 
still  numerous 


h,>   laii.l.     AUhou 


in  niaiiv 


looalities   i 


...1,    not  as    abuiulant   as    m 
Imini--  tho  mi-rations. 


Its  raniio  os 


tonds  from 


,ho  sulw.irtio  iv,-ioii. 


SOI 


III,  to  Chili  and  linen. 


)S 


Avr 


•OS, 


hrooilin-  from  Illinois  luu 

The  o<j:Lrs  ar*'   usual 
dark  lirown. 


•ihwartl. 
V   throe  or 


tour 


hull"  hrown,  a  iia 


U.  l.uiV,  spotted  with 


rts 


siioiji:  iiiiihs  or  Noinii  .\M|.;i;ir.\. 


TOTANUS   FLAVIPES  (('"»/.). 
Yellow-legs.    Summer  Yeriow-legs. 


I'Pl 


MT  plllls.  i;i;ivisli    I 


"I  III''  li;ick:  chill,  while;  || 


'i"wii.  inutilr.l  wi(h  whitish 


|>:ili'.i;i:iyish  hmwn: 


'I""'!.  Nvliilr,  siiv.ik,..!  with 


Ifllthfls.  h;ili(ii-il 
wliili'.   inure  Of  I 
legs,  yeirow.      |{es. 

'•Ill  is  smaller.     A\il 
l.i'ii.Hlli.  lO.sO; 


•I'Msl.  Illollleil:  helly, Willie;  | 


'ii'WM  .'Mill  while:  upper  tail 


lil 


<<i\('ih 


tiai 


'•'•il   Willi   hlaek;    l,i||,   Maek: 
''ll'il'-^    III!'   (irejiter    Ve||.,w-lei;>. 
'••'i-^-  Willi'',  l.aiie.l  with  />/-.,//',r 
i".:;.  "-I."):  tarsus.  -J.IO;    |,i||    i_|-, 


•r..i, 


lllll>    tl.iv 


ll..- 


'"It   is  .siiiiillcr,    iuiil 


Kaiigcs  fi'oni  tli(>  siil»-iirHi 
n.inl  to  .South  Aincrii':!.     Tl 
low-lcM-.s    I'.'scjiiblcs    tl 


f   rcii'ioiis  soiiili- 
H'  Stiniiiicr  Vt'l- 


Willtcr    Vc||(»\v.|cos,    ;,l|(| 

<»ii  the  At  lain  i 


1^   usually  iiiiicli   |,„)|,,  I; 


rt)int's  to  (Iccovs   iiioi 


'<■    pici'i'diiii.'    sjKM'ic- 
"'I*'  and    itiistispicious  than  Ih 


II 


«■  <'nast  (liirino  (ho  iiii-i-;iiio„s. 
'"I>^  "«'t  so  sharp  and  h,u(l.     h    ln-ec(l> 


«'   lead) I V 


It 


n 


IS  Very  ('0111111011 


'«'  iK'lc  IS  siiiiilai',  thoiiuh  I 


)('!•- 


iiicis  iioi'thwai'd.     Tl 
'>iouii  and  choL'tdatc  I 


!(•      (MI-U-. 


arc 


'"   ""'   '"<<"noiM.'o.n  Mi.inosotaai.d 


)IO\\  11. 


I'"'^'   '•""■'  ''"K''*!  and   hlolched  will 


I  dai'k 


'l^lie  (Jivcii-shank,    Tof,nn>s  ncfj, 


(akon  l)v  Audid 


»«>n,  iicai'Ca 


c/jKfanii.s  ((iiinii.),  a   l> 


"'"'  V«'llo\v-l.'i.,  I»iit  has  tl 


l'«'  '^al.h..  Floi'hj;,,  in  I 


N;!2. 


It 


"ii'<»|)«'aii   s|H.('ics,  was 
iiH'uhat  r('sriiil)lt'.-( 


'f.uM.p  and  lower  l.a,'k,H.hih',an.lthHr'.s   ..■ 


llHMIIsll. 


-^ 


SIIOIM',    miM>S    OK    \«)I!TM    AMKlMf  A. 


59 


Si  i..;i,m;s  RHYACOPHILUS  Ka. t 

TOTANUS   SOLITARIUS  (///A.) 
Solitary   Sandpiper. 


'I'ii|iiiiii>  Milil.'iriiii-. 


Adiili  ill  siiiiiiiiri- :  'I'np  (if  lii'iiil  :iii(l  h.'ick,  iilitl 
ii|i|)i'r  l.'iil  I'livi'ils.  liron/y  urt'cn,  ilnitnl  willi 
wliiic:  iiridi'i'  jdiiis,  while:  ilif  Iucmsi,  iliickly 
sti'i'.'ikt'il  mill  (loiii'il  lirowii:  liill.  jirci'iiisli  lirnwn 
(ill  lilV).  (Iu<ky,  Irniiiiiiiliy ;  axillars,  wliite, 
heavily  barred  with  smoky  black. 

Aihilt  ill  irliiirr :  l|i|ifi'  piirts.  incliiiliiii;'  iipiici' 
l.iil  ciivcil-i.  <>li\i'  lirow  II.  sjiiiw  iiiH' ;i  (iiini.  "ircfii- 
i-iji  y;lci-<  wlicii  lirlil  in  ilic  liulil.  Ilif  IfMilicis 
riiiiitiy  ili>n<'i|  uiili  iliijl  \vliiii>;  tliront.  wliilc; 
ln'i':i<l,  sIrtMkcil  witli  Iitdwii;  I'fsl  nf  iiikIim'  |i;irl<. 
while:  iiiilliirs,  luarihi  Imrnil. 

[-eiiiilli.  ^••'•t':  \viii«'.  '>..'l(»:  i;ii<ii^.  1.2(1:  liiil. 
l.;t(l. 


Axill.'ir- 


Tliis  spocics  ninj^cs  tVoiii  the  siili-.irclic  I'cirioiis,  soiitliward,  to  Sdiilli 
America.  \{  occurs  with  its  duriiiii'  \\w  mi;L;rali()iis,  and  Itrccds  fntiii  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Illinois  northward.  It  is  usually  oliserved  altiiut  inland  ponds  and 
rivers,  rarely  lre<|uentinji'  the  salt  marshes.  The  eiiu's,  which  are  doscrilted 
from  a  simile  spocimen  taken  l»y  Jenness  Richardson,  in  Vermont,  an<l  descrihed 
liy  Dr.  Brewer,  are  liijfht  dial»  with  small  rounded  hrown  markini>s,  having"  a 
lew  faint  purplish  marks  (tii  the  laruer  en<l. 

The  Kiiropean  (Jreen  Siiudpipei',  7'.  or//ro/)».v  ( Linn. ),  has  lieen  recorded 
I'rom  .Nova  Scotia.  It  somewhat  resemhies  T.  s<ili(<iriiis,  hut  has  the  upper 
tail  coverts  white. 


(SO 


SIloKK    llll!l)>    or    N(»l!ril    AMKIMCA. 

GiNus  SYMPHEMIA   Raf. 

SYHPHKHIA   SEniPALHATA    ((;»/,/.). 


Willet. 

Ill   Mll.l  1>  .         S|(iM.    (  'l  l.'I.I.W, 


iiliill 


t n  s  11  until  i' 


('|)|ii'l'     pill 


;r.i\ ,  »l  ii'iiUcd 


'<\  iii|ilirii>ij  ~i'iiil|>.'iliii,il. 


nil  III)'  Iii'ikI  ^\illl  ilMrlv  Ih'dwii.  mihI  llir  ci'iitnil  |iarlii)h 
III  niMiiv  nl'  Die  rcMtlii'i's  li.'i'' till- liiicl;  l>liit('lii'il  wild 
liniwii ;  ('liiii.  w  liili' :  iIiiumI.  v\  liilc.  ilnllcil  w  illi  lirnw  n  : 
iiiiilcr  I  :irt«.  dull  wliilf.  tlii'  Ifathcrs  on  ilic  ^iilcs 
li.'iirril  Willi  lii'iiwii  ,'iiiil  w.'islifil  w  itii  iMwny  :  axlllars, 
black;  l>ill.  Iijui^li.  ilii^Uv  inwiinl  •■ml. 

Aihili  ill  iriiihr:  Hill.  iif;irly  >lriiii;lil  ;  ii|i|ii'i'  pliiin- 
;!;;■(■,  ,!;r;i>  ,  "Imwiii;;  l.-iiiil  iiiilic;il  ii)ii<  nf  w  liilisli  mi  llif 
lips  III' siiiiic  iif  ilic  fiMiliiTs  nil  till' liiu'k  :  cliiii.  wliit- 
isli :  tliiiiMl.  ;i<liy  jii'iiy  :  I  In'  ii'si  nf  iiiiilrr  piirts.  wliitr. 
-linwiiii;-  :i~liy  nil  ilif  <iili'<  III'  ilic  liiiily:  axillars, 
smoky  black.  Tin'  lii'n;iil.  wliiii'  litnnl  mi  llu-  \\iii<>;s 
i-  M  liisiiiitjiiisirnin-  cliMr.icti'i-  nl  lliis  liird  wlicii  llyiii;;'. 
I'iiiiiiimI  liy  Ilic   l);is;i!    piirlinli   nf 


II 


II'  iiniii;irii's  mii 


d   111 


1  son 
si'i'oiid.irics  lii'ilin'  wliilr. 

I.i'ii;illi.    I5.o0:   win;,',  S.IO: 
liiisiis.  •J.ltO:  liill,  2  lo  -'..m. 

l\iiiin('s  lliroii<iln)iit  tt'in- 
pc  r;i  1  <■  North  America, 
south  to  the  West  Indies 
Mild  Soiitii  Ameiiea.  Il 
l»reeds  Iroiii  New  Knjrlitnd 
lo  Fhnida,  altiiouiili  it 
does  not  breed  eonmioidy 
iiortii     of    the     Cai'oliiias. 


It 


IS    a    very    e  o  in  ni  o  n 


Syiii|iliriiii.'i   -ciiiiiKiliMiitii. 


Species  in   Florida,    where 

il    IVeijuents     the    beaches 

and     marshes,    wliere     its 

lii'oad,    white    winuf    hand 

and    peculiar    whistle    will 
always  distiiiiruish  it  from  cdlier  species. 

The  en:i>s  are  three  in    nuniher,  sometimes   four,  deposited  on  the  oronnd 

with  scarcely  any  indicati(di  of  a  nest.     They  are   pah'  hulV  in  color,   spoiled 

with  (chocolate  l)r(»wn,  heaviest  on  the  larii'cr  end. 


SIMHtl".    llll.'DS    Ml'    NOI.'Tir    AMKItK  A. 


61 


SYMPHRMIA  SEMIPALnATA  INORNATA  /,"/,«./ 
Western  Willet. 

<i«'ii<'i-iil  rt'si'iiililiincr  to  t,lir  |irt'i-ciliii;;  s|ii'cii-s  hiil  tlio  ii|>|m'|-  |iiirt<  .in'  pMli-r  iiiiil  not  so 
lii'.i\  ily  iii;irKt'i|  Willi  liliick ;  tin-  lin-si-'l  "hows  iisimlly  iiiurt'  ItiitV  cnlur.  In  wiiitcr  pliiin.'i;:"' it 
ri'-i'inlp|f<  ilic  cjHlri'ii  Idriii  cxci'id  in  si/c,  llit-  hill  ii-:niilly  liriny  liin^;)-!' iiiiil  tin-  liinl  sinin'\\li;il 
l,ir;;n-. 

l.iMiu'lli.  I."i.(l(l:  win;,^  ,s..".(i:  imsiis.  2.."i,">:  hill. -J-.td  in  2.S(i. 

('(•iiiiiinii  tlirouu:li(tiil  Wcslci'ii  N'ditli  Anifiirii  cxIciMlini::  c'lsl  to  Mississi|i|»i 
\'all(  y  .'MmI  ( iiiir  Sl.'ilcs,  hciiio  imiiimtoiis  in  Kldiid.-i  in  winter.  It  Ijicrds  from 
IVxiis  to  Manitoltii. 


HETERACTITIS  INCANUS  (Gn„/.). 
Wandering  Tattler. 


llclcT.icliii-   uiciiiiu-. 


A  I'liint  sii|M'ri'ili!iry  si  ripe  ul'  \vliit<' 
Mild  lor.il  itiiiM'  of  hhick  :  iippfr  pliini:i.i;<'. 
sliiiy  i;i'M.\',  sliowinji  ;i  ;;ii'ciiisli  ;;|()s-.  wlicii 
lii'lil  in  llii'  li;j:li(  :  tlinml,  wliilisli;  hrciisi. 
:is|iy  i;i;iy.  imlisliiiclly  hnrrt'd  with  linll 
hiiiNMi:  hi'lly.  while:  iixilhirs,  j^niy. 

r.riiu'lh.  lO.flO:  wiii^,  7:  hill,  l.no: 
l,iisii«.   I.;{(t. 

Tlic  Wandorinii'rtillhM"  <l()os  not 
occtif  in  Kiislorn  Nortli  Aincricii, 
Intt  it  laniros  tVoin  Norton  Sotintl, 
Alaska,  to  tlio  (ialii|)!ijji:os  Islands, 
and  als(»  occiifs  in  tlic  Hawaiian 
Islands  and  Kanicliat  ka.  It  docs 
not  seem  to  l»o  vcrv  al)iindant  iiny- 
ulioiT,  iiiul  we  know  1>iit  little  re- 
liardiiiiT  its  lial»its.  It  proliaMv 
In-eeds  in  the  tar  North  hnt  the  nest 
and  eiijfs  have  never  as  yet  been 
taken. 


(•.2 


^IKHir.    IWUDS    OF    NOHTII    AAlKliK  A. 


PAVONCELLA    PUQNAX  ,/////.  i. 

European   Ruff. 

AMI  m.a.    (spring  phnn.^r-)  :    F.^mMhts  of  ,1„.  l,o,„l  :,„.l  ,,...1..  Ho„i,.,..,l.  fur.nin^  .  wi.I.- 

<-.llMr  ..-•  n.n.  .uvnomlly  wl.il,.  ,„„1   I,,,,)':  .vst   of  „,,p.,  p^-.s   v:,n,-,,t,.,l  \vi,l.   In.O;  hlMrk 

-''<■•    ^"''''•••'"■•";Pnm,'MM...    ,l=Mk    Imowm.    will.    uhil.   sl.M.s:   und,.,-   p:nls.   ul.il..   lH.:,vilv 
M   .K-1  wjth  l,hu.k,s  ,  hn.wM  on  ,.„.  Mvms,   ,,,,,1  si,l..s:  f,,..  .ov.-.v,!  will.  vHl..wisl.  iuImmH..;: 
iMll    .iM.k  hrown.  liivhi.T  MI  11...  l,,.,s,.:  in.,  Mark  l.rou,,;  l,..s,  hrounisi,  vllow. 
Ij'iiiitli.  I2.;.0:  will..-,  7:  t.iil.  2.7(1;  t;irsiis.  2:   liill    I  ;V) 

f.nntl.N  u  ti.  .  M  k  hrmvn:  upp.r  p...rls  v,.,ri.-Mt..,l  with  l.hu'k  mm.I  brown,  Mn,i  fin^v  of  .v.lMi.l.; 
un.l-r  p...,.,  .lull  w  nt..,  n.o,tl..,i  on  ,„..  ,.n....sf  and  si,!.,  wi.i,  hn.wn.     Tl...  n-sf  /^  in  ,.„.  n.:,)'.; 

tl-  1  "u.,.!..       lin.  .p..cnn,.ns  ...unr,..!  in  tl.e  pi,.      .vp.vs,-,.,  ,wo  mU,.!,  in;,l..s  ,,nd  m  IVn.nl...     TI... 
"■;'•.';'"•'"  "    ""■  '•""•■=" "  ""■  I'""-s  Of  ,1.0  fo,.,n..,.  is  v..,v  un.:„  :    tl...  .„ir  „.,.,.  Id.  • 

Tl.o  Km-o,„.an  Hufl-  I.Ms  l.c.on  h,k.>„  m  himmI,,.,- ,.i  (iuM.s  in  IvisI.t,,  NortI, 
A  ,,c.nn,  Sponn.ons  Imvo  ho.,,  ,v,.on|,.,l  In,,,,  Ln„o.  is|,u„l,  .M,,ss,„.l,„s,.(ls, 
Mn.no.  ()|„o,  ..„,(l(.|s,.\vl,o,r.      (Cmios,  K,.\  (<.  N.  A     lids     n    ,;il) 


SIIOKK    lUKDS    OK    NOIMII    AM  KliK  A. 


Kiir<>|i<'.'iii   liiill. 


64 


SIIOKK    I'.IKDS    OF    NOIJIII    A.AIKIJICA. 


GiNLs  BARTRAMIA   Lkss. 

BARTRAHIA    LONQICAUDA    {A',y//s/.) 

Bartram's  Sandpiper.     Upland  Plover.     Field  Plover. 

SKiiniicr /ihiiiiiiijc :   r|i|i(M- |iliiiii;ii;c.   il;irk    lirown,    nv    hri>\\  nisli    li|;ick  :    llic 

liMllicrs  ciliicil  with   |im1c   InilV:  ii|i|m'i-   lliidiit.   wliiic:  lower  ilirnMl.  |);ilc  bull 

lilifil  witli  (l;irU  hiowii:   hrcMsl.  |»;ilc   liiiH   willi  ;iri(>w-<ii;i|icil  iii;irl<iM;;s  of  ilink 

"^    lirowii:  Ix'lly.  pull' liiilV:  ;ixill;ir-    IimikIciI   willi   (hiiU  sl.-ily  lii-nuii   ;iii<l   wliilc: 

oiiltT  iii'iiniirit's.   wliitc  liMiidcd  with  hi'owii  on  llif  iiiii(;r  wchs. 

Winti'i-  iilniiiiiiji- :  Similiif  I>ul  pMlcr. 

L('ii.i;lli,  ll.rri:  win;;-.  (i.CiO:  t;ir<iis.  i.'.K):  liiii,  I. -JO 


I'lu'  Iiarlrjiiti's  SuikI- 
pipor,  (»r  I'lilaiid  IMovcr, 
numcs  ill  Noiih  Ainrnca, 
tVtiiii  Alaska  to  Nova 
Srolia,  and  soiilli  to  Soiilli 
America,  hut  iiiaiiily  t'asi 
ol"  llic  Ro('i<y  iiioiiiitaiiis. 
Il  is  not  vci'v  coiiiiiion 
aiiywlicic  on  the  Atlantic 
coast  nowadavs,  altlioiii'li 
■  at  one  lime  il  was  an  alaiii- 
diint  species  on  our  liill.s 
diiriiiii-  llie  iniiii'alions.  A 
pKid  diagnostic  cliai'acler 
ol"  this  species  is  tlie  harred 
piiniaiv.  Il  l)reeds  iVoni 
"^  N'iiuinia  nortliward.  'I'lie 
en'os  are  lour  or  live  in 
iuniil)er  of  a  pale  Itrow  nisli 
color,  iiioltled  witli  cliocolate  lirown  near  tlie  larni'r  end. 


'PHJUJ^t' 


l!:iilr;iiiii,M   lciiii;ic:iii'l;i. 


tjiJ 


(iKNrs  TRYNGITES  Ca.'.an.s. 

TRYNOrrKS   5UBRUFICOLUS    (/.vY/). 


-.utf-breasted  Sandpiper. 


Siiiiimir   I 


ihiiiiiii.il' 


llipiT   I' 


iiiii;ii 


ImlV. 


.llli'tl  wit 


l.l.hu'U:  tl>.' tVi.Hi.'. 


I 


/■ 


Uytl ^^'"-^•''••■';:;;    :  ;    :n.....U...r- 


i 


"  "' ,,  1.    inner  wen  "•   ■ 

i.  ,,anvly  ;,r;:™kled  with  dark  brown  ; 

pnmary.wh.te.speck«ed^^^^^^_^.^_^^^__.^.^^^^, 

'  .11       1    •    ■l\i^ln•^'.   wlllU'. 


ni'i 


s:  vsi..-.  :;•:"'•  '^"-" 


,..  i,-2.-.i  I 'ill-  •^■'- 


f,„„-.    ,«.!.'.    """■   "■'■"•■■   """  ■ 


Itrowii. 


()(; 


SIloiJK    lUliDS    Ol-    NdKTII    A.MKIMCA 


Gknus    ACTITIS     Il.lir.KK. 
ACTITIS    MACULARIA   (/,/////). 

Spotted   Sandpiper. 

.\'h,ll  h,  sn„n,>rr:   Top  ..lllir  li..,..!  ,nul  l..u-k.  .,liv,.  j.n.,.|i.  sliouiii-  hruii/v  ivl1..cli..M>  ulin. 

"'■''•'"   ■'"■   ''^'"'^"1" '  111'-   IVMlli.Ts  <.ii   11,,.  |,,K-k   inviii.l.-iilviuMik.Mi  uiili   hn.wn:  uimLt 

p.'i'ls,  while,  iniirkcd  uith  iMryv.  nuiiiil  hliu'k  >\>i,\-^. 


'msi^ 


AclitN  iii;iriil:(ri,i. 


\\  iiilci'. 


•''"'"  'n.n,,,r     A  ,ov,..  „liv...   .iM.uiMu-   ,-,   inm.   lu.m.y  luslvr   wl,,.,.    liHcl    in    .1,,.  |i,.l„  ■ 

.  nlins  ,,,M1,..    ,;u.k.  hMM.Iy  ,i,p..,,   .in,  ,i,.sky:  ui...  ..,.v..,-,s.  „„.,....„-  ,,„,  J     ,J  ^  ^i 

•"'-..   win..:  I„va<,     „M„lvm,:,..,l  wi,l,.,si,y=  nndn-  ,.„,..   i„.,u,lin::  „Hlv  .„,!    ,.  ,  |    "  ij 

'•'"^■"■;::;;:s::;:ri:';;:';:  -- """ -— .''i=';- 

Tim  S,,ottnlSan.li,i,HM-,aiij:..stl,n,ugh,M.tNorll,  Ani.-rica  t..  X.,r(l.,.ni  S.mtl. 
Ai.uMi.a.  It  ,s  a  v,M y  .•onunon  hinl  „„  om-  cast,  l,,-!,.-  iisuallv  scon  aloiu-  ,„■ 
"I  |.Mir,s.  It  ,s  r,.n,in..Mo„  s,„all  .tivan.s  uf  f.vsl,  wal.r  and  als„  .„,  san<l 
lK^Mdu.s  usually  sHcvtiM,i:ro..ky|.lacvs.  It  l.,v,..ls  .u-arlv  tl,n,uo|.<.uf  its  ,,,..... 
«  H>  .-s  Ik.,,,,-  hull  wl.it..  ,.,•  pal..  I.n.wn,  sp„lt...|  with  ."lark  hr..w„.  ,n.,stlv'~,n 
the  laiiicr  cml.  •■ 


SIIORK    lUItDS    OF    Noirni    AMKIilCA. 


67 


Gknus   NUMENIUS    Hkissc.n. 
NUHENIUS    LONQIROSTRIS    ///A. 

LoHK-billed  Curlew.    Sickle  Bill. 

Ailiili  in  siiiiiiinr:  I'lipcr  |);irls  iiiMPki'il  wiili  hull'  ,-iii(l  lil.ii'k:  l:iil  IcMtluTs.  .illriii.iii'ly 
li.'iiiilnl  witli  l:iunv  IiiiU'mihI  Iii'ow  ii  :  tlii'niil.  wliitisli;  rrsi  uf  iiinlci'  |),'irl>,  |),'il<'  rcililisli  lnnwri. 
Iii'cipiniiin' \i'i-\  lit;iil  on  iln'  Im'II\  :  IiiimsI.  ii.ii'iiiw  |y  siripi'il  uiili  lu'nw  n  lui  llif  Miiddli' nt  the 
IimIIh'is;  liill,  viT.v  Inii";:  axlilars,  rufous  brown. 


-    t 


,  I  ■  ,..< 


I.iiiii.'  lilllcil  Ciirli'W. 


K-.|iiiMiiMi\  I'lnli'W. 


IliicUiiiiiiin  Cmlfw . 


A,h,li  ii,  iri„i,r:  (;.'ii.m;iI  pl.iiiijii;'.'.  1mwii\  hrow  ii :  ill."  buck.  Iihiokisli.  molt  l.'d  w  illi  ImiIV: 
l,,|,,.l  Ihr  li.M.l.  (iMik  hn.wii:  llic  I.'.iIIm'is.  <d,-;.Ml  willi  Imwii.v.  Iliroiil.  wliil.':  iiiul.'i'  p.nK.  p.il.' 

ImiIV  1. lew  II :  Ir.ii  licr^ li.'  \n\\rv  llin>:il  mikI  ii|)|mt  Ihviisi,  lliirly  liiicl  willi  ihirk  lin.wii:  Mil. 

\.T\  I.M.M  iiiid  .ui-vimI  ,|(.\Mi\v:inl:  hill.  Iihick.  iM'fOiiliiii:- dull  lihic  hnnvn  on  has.'il  li;i!l  oC  ll..' 
niMiiilihl.  ■.  axillars,  rufous  brown. 

I,rn-lli.  -Jfi:  \viiii;.  I"-"'*':  l^i-ns.  d.ltO:  hill,  vriv  VMriMhl.-.  mcMmirini;-  In.m  ■J.r.d  lo  li. 

■|'li.~iiiiiii:iiiin' (d  llii<   ^pirio  li.islli''   I'ill   nrarly  Mr,ii;;lil.  Inn    (|iiili' <lioil .   -.oincii <  not 

CM liiii;'  I  v\  o  inilii-i  in  Icimili. 


(58 


8IU>UK    lill.'DS    OK    NOKTII    AMKIMCA. 


Tlio    Loiiii-l.illod   C'mK'w    nini-vs   from  hMiipcnilt'   Norlli  Aiiu'iic-ii   south  to 
Central   AmiMi.-a   and   the  Wost    Indies.     It   breeds  in  the  Soutliern  Atlantie 


.\\illiii'>. 


Kir>l  |iiiiii:ir\ . 

Slates,  but  is  now  not  eonnnon  on  the  Atlantie  coast,  and  is  beeoniiuir  less  so 
evei'v  vear.  T\\o  euir^  iii'<  described  as  olive  <ii'ay  in  cohtr,  spotti-d  with 
chocolate  brown. 


NUMENIUS  HUDSONICUS  /.,i</i. 
Hudsonian  Curlew.    Jack  Curlew. 


AdiiH  ill  siiiiiiiii'f  :  Itill  ciii'vi'il 
TM   (lowiiwuril ;    top   ol'    tlic    liciiil. 


Kir^l  |iriiii:ii\ . 


-^i.-,3^._l 


lirnwii,  vvitli  ii  stripe  dI'  liwtVy 
wiiiii',  tlin>iiu,h  llif  iiiiddlt';  rest 
(if   upper   piii'ts,   (liirk    lirdwa: 

J||!     I>':illn'rs,    p:ile    on    tli l«i-s, 

'  "  uiviiij;  ;i  sli<:;litly  inollleil  ap- 
peafMiiee  to  the  liacli :  eliiii. 
wliite:  lliroal  ami  In-east 
streaked  and  faiiilly  liarred 
witli  lirowii  and  wliite:  belly, 
ilnll  while  :  an  inijierleet  snper- 


.\\ill:ir. 


ciliary    stripe:    axillars,    pale 
buff,  barred  with  slaty   brown;  first  primary,  barred  on  inner  web. 

Ailiili  ill  ii-iiiiir:  Similar  to  tlie  last,  hut  showing;  inueli  more  lawny  mottled  on  tlie  upper 
parts,  anil  t.lie  nndi'r  parts.  |)aler:  a  superciliary  stripe  of  ilull  wliite  :  axillars,  pale  buff,  barred 
with  .slaty  brown  ;  first  primary,  barred  on  inner  web. 

I.eiiulli,  17. .•)():  win^-. '.i.-JU:  tarsus. -J. ;i(l :  hill.  :!  to  ;{.7:). 

Hanii'es  lhrou<;hont  North  .\inerieii,  breedinii  in  the  arctic  reefions  tind 
iniiinitinu' in  the  tall  to  the  ( lull' of  Mexico  and  South   America,      hnrinii'  the 


snOUK    lUKl.S    OK    NORTH    AMKHMA. 


69 


.„. -'-'--T-.;:i,-;;:;;:xrrtr;:r-u:":.:.::^ 


•  ,     I  fV.m,  tlio  KsMuilu..  ('"View  l.v  (In- 

■.■■'•-»■■: -■';:'r;':::,rru':,' .v.i,..i iiy •••<'-"'»- 


,,„„„,  ».,.!  1V..M,  Ih-  1.""?-" 


70 


SIIOHK    HlliDS    OK    NOIil'll    AMKUICA. 


NUHENIUS    BOREALIS  (/u>rs/.). 
Eskimo  Curlew.     Dou^h   Bird, 


I( 


An 


raiiiros     fiom   llio  :irctic  rcui 


loiica. 


If 


IS   iiioiT   coiiiiiKiii  ill   the  iiilcrior  tl 


oils,   \vh(.|'c  i(    l)r(>o,|s,   soulliwanl  t 


o    Soiilli 


laii  on  (li(>    coiisl,  altlioiii-li  it 


WMs  .-K  o.H.  tin.o  a  conimun  l.ird  in  Ih.  NVw   Ki,o.|,,„,  s.aK-s  .Innno-  ,h,  „ ra- 

"'/"•'''""  "••""■•       '  ''<^  *"-^  ••"•'^  ''<-'i'-l  -^   pal.    olivo   ,i.av,  s,.,;u,..i    .i,!. 
(lark  lirowii.  iiiosHy  at  tlio  larizvr  (-lul.  " 


SIIOUK    l?ll!l).>-    u|-    NOinil    AJIKIMCA. 


71 


Family   CHARADRIID/K.     Piovkks. 

'I'lic    I*l(tV('rs  iirc   a  ('(isiuopctlilaii    lainily,   iimnlM'riiiii'  sonM'tliiii^'  less  than 
oiii'  liiiii(lr('<l  species,  lil'leoii  ol"  wliicli  ucciir  ill  Norlii  AiiuM'ica,  iiH-ludiiii:'  exotic 


■-^-  ' 


lil.irK  hcllii'il   I'liivcM-  (Wiiilci-). 


riliiiii;  I'liivri-. 


SL'iiii|iiiliiiiiH'l  I'liivir. 


slrai-nlers.  Asa  rule  tliey  have  l>ii'  lliree  toes,  altlioii^i  (wo  ji'eiiera.  Sijiiat- 
aiola  and  Vaiieiliis,  jiave  lour.  Tlie  tarsus  is  reticulate  and  the  toes  aie  partly 
\vel)l)0(l. 


72 


siioifi;  niHDs  OF  NoiMii  A.Mi;i;i<'A. 


c;emis  charadrius  linn. 

Sri!(;KNTs  SQUATAROLA   (('//,-.). 

CHARADRIUS   SQUATAROLA    {//////). 

Black-bellied  Plover.    Beetle  Head.    Black-breast. 


Chiiriiliiiis  MiUMliinilii. 


Wiiilci'. 


Aihill    iiiiih    ill   siiiiiiiur :   r|i|M'i'   |i;irl« 
smoky  liliick :  iciilli- 
(M's.  ril;;cil   willl  dull 
wliilc  :  hi'cMsl .  Iihick       A 


(fti 

ill   lllitlirsl    ))luiri:li;r.         jj 

1)111  ii<<iiiilly  sliciwiiiii' 

triU'fs  of  wliitisli  Oil 

tlic    I't'.-illicrs  :   iiliild-        '  ' 

iiii'ii  mill    iiikIi'I'  i.'iil 

coverts,   wliilc:  lori'liciil.   while:  axil- 

lars,  smoky  black. 

Aihilt  III  ii-iiihr:  l'|)|icr  |piiiiii;iiic. 
Iii'ow  iiisli.  iiiotllcd  Willi  ;ii-;iy:  iimlcr 
piirls.  wliilc:  lirciisl  .'iml  sides,  slreiikcd 
willl  jisliy  lirowii:  liill.  l)l;ick. 

I.eiiiiili.  11. -J.");  wiiij;.  r.iri:  l;ir>lis. 
l.s.-):  bill.  1.10. 


This  species  may  ulwius  he  (lisliiigiiished  from  the  (ioldeii  IMover  hy  the 
prcscnee  of  a  nuliineiilary  iiiiid  loe  and  tiie  hlaei<  a.\illais.  wiiieh  are  yrav  in 
the  (iohieii  IMover. 

It  raiio'os  from  llie  arctic  n^oioiis  to  South  AiiKM'ica,  l)eiii,u'  common  on  th(' 
Atlantic  coast  (hirin--  mijirations.  It  breeds  in  tiie  far  North:  tlie  eoas  are 
nsuail.v  four,  pale  olive  Itrown,  sj)otled  and  spoci<led  with  hrown  and  hlack. 
The  note  is  a  soft  wlii.stio,  .si-sol,  of  the  scale. 


.SUOliK    IttliDS    (»F    N«»I!T||    AMKI.'KA. 


(•) 


S.  i»;iNrs  CHARADRIUS    I. inn. 
CHARAOKIIS   DOniNICLIS    Mull. 

American  Golden  Plover.    Green  Plover. 

Siiiiimi  r  iiJiiiiiiiiii' :  r.Mi'k  :iim1  ii|i|M'i'  |(;in-i.  siiiuky  liliirk  :  Ifnilit'is  iiiiiiUimI  .■iiiil  ciliicil  w  itii 
m'IImw  mill  lirow  II :  siili'- 1)1  tin-  liri;i-t,  wliili-li :  ii'sl  "T  iiiidfr  pMrl-*.  iliinni,  mimI  «iil('>  ul  llir 
Iii'.hI,  iiii'liiiliiii;  I've.   Iil.nl;:    ruicln'.nl,  w  liilisli,  m   wliiii-  siripc  I'sifiiiliiiL;'  Imrkw  ;inU  civcr  tin- 

I  >!':  ilowii  till'  <lili'- iiT  till'  iii'rk :  liill.  Murk :  uxillars,  ^ray. 

\\'iiiiir  /iliiiiiii'ic :  I  |p|iri-  p.iii-.  I)iii\vni>li,  li'Mtln'i-  iii;iil<i'il  v^iili  iliill  i;iwiiy  ylluu  ur  liiill'; 

I I  mil' I-  |i.irl<  Mil'  1 1 II 1 1  wliilr.  siri'iikril  w  ilh  Ji^^iliy  ln'owii  i>r  uniy  mi  lln'  liri'M<l  a  ml  -mIi-. 

1,1'iimli.  I(». ■_»:);  wiiiu:.  ":  l.iisiis.  I.n.j:  hill,  .'.(2. 


\\  iiiii'i-. 


This  spccifs  iiinv  iil\v:iys  \w  (listiiiiriiislK'd  in  iiiiy  pliinuiiie  tVoiii  tlir  lilack- 
hicMst     Plover  l>y   the   jiray  iixilliirs   :iii(l    tlic   mIisc-iicc    of  tlit- 
small    niditiicntary  liiiid  toe. 

It  raiiLTcs  from  the  arctic  iciiioiis  where  it  hreeds  to  South 
America,  lieiiiir  common  on  the  coast  diirinjr  mijirutioii.  It  was 
at  one  time  ahnndant  in  New  Knjiland  in  the  early  fall,  hnt  its 
nnnd)ers  have  decreased  greatly  witiiin  the  past  few  year.s. 
While  it  prefer.-  the  hills  and  lields.  it  also  fre.|nents  the 
marshes  and  occasionally  the  sand  Hats.  The  ejr.iTs  are  l.ntl' 
colored  or  hrownish  white,  mottled  and  marked  with  chocolate 


l»rown. 


The  Knropean  Lapwinjr,    r>n>f'llns  rancllns  ( F.i.m.),  has  once  been  recorded 
from  L(Mi<>-  Island  (Dntcher,  Ank  III.,  IS.si;,  p.  r,',6). 


74 


<IIOI!K    lllltKS    OK    NOIilll    .\MKi;i<'\. 


Genus   AEGIALITIS    I^oii:. 

SunciATs   OXYECHUS    Ki:kh. 

AEGIALITIS   VOCIFERA    {Linn.). 

Killdeer  Plover. 

A'hilt :  Cruwii  iinil  Iciclv.  lii'owiiisli   yi;i\ .  IcMllicr-  lipiicd    with   nil'nii-i ;  n   riiif;;  iiriMiiiil   llii' 

neck.  Idi'o,  iiikI  ;i  |i;itcli  on  tlic  lirt'tisl.  lihicU :  l'(irt!- 
Iii'.'kI.  wliilc:  tlii'oal  .iiiil  spot  lielihid  IIk'  eye  mihI  ii 
liMiiil  Mi'uiiiid  tlif  iii'ck.  wliitt-;  lo\v<T  Im'i'jisI  miiiI 
liclly.  wliilc;  tMil  (M)vcrls  mihI  I'tiinp,  l)i'i<i'lit  nit'iMis ; 
l;iil.  niloiis  ;iii(i  jiiiiy.  lipped  with  hlack  and  wliilc; 
hill.  Mack. 
I.t'lmtli.  10. (m:  Willi;-.  (1. ").■):  tarsus.  1.10:  liill.  .75. 


'I'lic  Killdeer  INover  niiiucs  on  the  .Vtliiiilie 
eoiist  tVoiii  Ne\vf()iiii(ll;iii(l  to  the  ^^'e.st,  Indio.s  iiiiil 
South  .\iiierieii.  filthoiiiih  as  a  rule  it  is  a  rare  liird 
ill  .New  KiiLilaiid.  in  \oveinl»er,  IJSMS,  a  arcat 
tlii>ht  of  these  hirds  oeeiirred  aloiiu"  the  coast  of 
^lassaehiisetts,  and  hundreds  of  tlieiii  were  otl'ered 
for  sale  in  the  markets.  'I'he  writer  Uiliod  sevei'al 
near  llyaniiis.  Mass..  at  that  time.  It  is  ahuiidaiit  in  the  (liilf  States  in  winter, 
audits  shrill  notes  are  very  familiar  sounds  to  the  Southern  sportsmen. 

It  breeds  throuuhout  its  raiiiie.     The  ejius  are  described  as  pale  brownish 
white,  mottloci  and  lined  with  chocolate  lirown. 


Ai'iiiiiliti-  vocjIVr:!. 


MlOKK    llllfl)S   Ol-    NOIllll    ,vMi;i;i<  A. 


75 


Siii:.;i,Ms   AEGIALITIS    l'."ii:. 
/EQIALIXrS   SEniPALHATA    lUmap. 
Semipalmaled  Plover.    Rins-neck. 

,.1  MmcK'wI.  |.M^.in-tnMn  111.  ImH  un.kr  Hi- .•><•  In  1  „•  m,!.- ■. 

„,.,,„,,K:;.sm,•m,.;,U.hu.^vl,•,l..l.M•U^lll v.  :  m  l.ro,..   han.l 

„f  Ulaok  on  tl...  hn.M.t:    n-,    ol    mi.l.T  i.Mt-,   M-,    tl.mat. 

,vi.i,...  ..xt..,„iiM-  iuoumm  tiM.  n.M'k  M.wi  joiniMji ''^'i'*'  ':;;7 "" ;' 

v..,v  Minn.w  strip.:  s....on.lM.i.-.  lil-l-'l  ^^.tl.  ^^l..l.••.  '""  '-'"-A, 


Hind  111''  <■>'•:  t"'""' 


,y„n  in   .rinirr:  Sin,il:ir.  Im.I    ll,.Ma-U   nurUin-  n.|MM..M. 


Ii\  liidwiiNIi  or  ura\ . 


l,,.ii^,|,.  <;.s():   vNiii^.  I-T^i:   >ai-ii<,  .IK! :  ''iH.  •-"■ 
KiU.ovs  iVcni  111.'  aivfu'  rc,oi..us  I..  Soull.  .Vincric'i. 
T       ,.  ,    ,       I   „    ....Hliu'-inl       II    is  ii  coimiK.ii   species  oil  our  foast 

,,„,,iii,^   honi   I..l.nulo.    ;  "*''^\     '•     "     ,,,,„^.   ,..„„.,        ,,  ,,,,,vnisli    white, 
Ul-iu.U'    Ihe    mioTiltlolls.       Ill"    e,oo>   ;iie    HMl.iIlN  1 

-iDolled  with  elioeolale  lii'own.  .        .       ,•.„„.;, i,.,,*., l 

''!;..  Lillle  Hill,  Plovev,  J-::nallfis  >Wna,  :u.  Asi:.l,e  speeies,  is  ol  =u  ci.h  nial 

.uruncnec  on  the  coast  of  Calitbruiii. 


1)1 
.1 


/EGIALITIS  HELODA  (Oni.). 
Piping  Plover. 

,„„„.r:    fi-l-T    l'^"!-    ^'^''>-     •"'•'■'"■■"^' 


,■!('»//    '/'    ■-■" 


wl.ite    ...pan.t.Ml   Iron,  tli-   a<h  color  ol'  ih.  l.ca.l  l>y  a 

;;:;:;:;.;;..,,  .r..iaci<:a..ana  on.,.,  side  or  ,1..^^^^^^ 

Ulack;   nM.l,.n.an.an,lanni:avonn.ltlH.nccU.xsh.... 

,,,„//  /„  ,ri.tr,-:  Similar  to  tl..'  <un.n.cr  plnmajic  l.ut 
n.H;iack  marUinjr  nM.l:M..a  l>y  jin,yislMmti;  or  asliy  jra^^ 
U..adofhlacU:  l/m.onn,...a,i>a.c,tMM-l,w'tl     -l-U. 

i,.„j.-,l>.7.-i<>:  xvin^M.SO:  tarsus,  .no:  lull,  .oO. 

KH.i-es  from   Ltil-nulor  (o  the  West  Indies 

.,,,,1  South   Americ.      It  is  a  connnou  species 

.  ,..       ,  ,,,  „„  the   New    Kuohu.l  coast  (lurii.o-  the  nugra- 

Tl.    ';:  J  l',.us,,»lU, ■..,,.-.  .lull  "In,,.., n:,,.U,.,l  „,,!,. UK  im.wn. 


<  I) 


siioiM'.   i',ii;i)s  oi'  NH)i:rii   amkijica. 


4::(iSALrris  /v.bloda  circumcincta    av,4;,  . 

Belled  Piping  Plover. 

Il  is  .-iiiiilai' (()  .\.  iii(h)tlti.  'm:!  '!if!'.'r<  iii  liaviiii:-  ;in  iiiiltrokcii  l»la<'k  Itaiul 
iVom  tlic  >i(l('-<  ioiiii  (I  ill  Voiit  d''  till'  iH'ck  r-vinini;' :i  coinplclc  collar.  'I'liis 
}o!'!;>.  iii'ciirs  on  llic  toast  (iuniii:'  liic  iiiiiiT.iiinns.  It  lirccds  coiiinioiily  in  llic 
iuliMioi  iViiUi  Nort'icrn  Illinois  noii!'  lo  "Winnipci:'.  and  niiiiralcs  in  winlci'lo 
(lie  ( Jiiit  ol"  Mexico.  ' 


/T:»jIALITIS    NIVOSA    Ca.ss. 
Snowy   Plover. 


.Kii'Kilili^  iiiv(i-ii. 


Aihil!  ill  siiiiiiiicr :  Ipin'r  iiliniinu'c,  liiilii  lii'nw  ni-li 
ii'r.'iy,  (ir  ImiIIV  i;r;iy  :  Iciri'liiMd  mihI  sii|M'rciliary  ri'i;inii, 
lori's.  Mill!  iiiidcr  p.irts.  imri'  wliilc:  ;i  |i:il(']i  ot  lil;ick  on 
till'  friiiil  |PMrt  <>r  till'  crow  11.  liorili'iin^-  ilic  wliitc  (oic- 
ImmiI:  ;i  sin.-ili  |i;ilcli  of  IiImcI.;  mi  liii'  ciir  cm  ens.  Mini  ;i 
lil.'ick  jiMicli  on  I'Mcli  -iilc  of  tin'  dicsl  ;  liill.  I'lilircly 
lil;icl<. 

'riic  Ccniiili'  Is  similar.  Inn  lia-;  llic  lilacK  inarkin;;' 
(lii.H'r.  laiiil  j>Tayisli. 

W'iiilir  /fhiiiiiiiii.  mull  :  (iiMH'ral  rrscnililaiicc  |o  llic 
iiiliill  male  In  siini'.ncr,  Imt  llic  Mack  markliiLC  rc|ilaci'il 
liy  ur.'iyisli  lirow  n.  or  hii(Vi;ray  :  ic^s.  Mack  :  liill.  I'lillr.'ly 
1iImcI<,  uliicli  is  a  yooil  iliaiiiiosi  Ic  cliaraclrr. 

Lcii^ili.  (i.;i(l  In  7.1(1:  win;;-.  1. 20  to  (.•{.":  Mil,  .i;(): 
tiirsiis.  .SS  to  1,(1."). 


Tlic  Snowy  I'lovcf  is  coninion  on  the  I'acilic  const.  tVoin  Ndrdicni  ('alilor- 
iiia  to  ("ciitial  and  .'^oiitli  America.  It  also  oecni's,  in  wiiiteP,  in  many  of  the 
Gull' States,  and  is  not  imcommon  in  noitliwcsteni  Floii  la. 

'I'he  eoos  are  laid  in  a  meie  depi'cs.sion  in  ih,.  miikI.  Tliey  are  usually  foiif 
in  numliei'.  iiuH'oniy  color,  spotted  with  Iilack.  , 


SlIOltK    I'.IItDS    r)l-    NOWTIl    AM  KliK!  A. 


SiiciNis  OCHTHODROMUS  Kiuii. 

/EGIALITIS    WILSONIA    {On/). 

Wilson's   Plover. 


Afhili  iiiiilr:  Alicivc,  :\A\\  hrowii:  I'urcli.Mtl.  wliitf. 
cxtciitliiiu-  into  ;i  t'.iiiil  siipi'iciliMry  slr:|>.'  i>l'  dull  hliu'U 
on  till'  cidwii:  llii-.ml.  wliitc.  coiitimrm^-  nii  ilic  -^idi's  "f 
111.-  iii'ck.  in'Mily  ,i"iniii;i-  upoii  IIm'  ii;i|»':  :i  Muck,  |ifcln- 
y:\\  liMiKl.tlif  tViiiliiTs  .Mljicd  Willi  wliilf.  h.'cc.miiij:'  hrowii 
upon  thf  si(lc'<:  1111(1. T  |)iir',«.  wliitc:  two  ii'iitrMl  tiiil 
|V;iiliiT-.  hrowii.  till'  ollicrs  sliowiii;;'  iiic  rtMsiiiii- iiiMi'kiii^s 
ol  wliiK!  to  llif  ouhT  i:ill  IV;itlicr>,  wliicli  an-  wiiiti';  l>ill, 
I. hick  (liirjiv  ami  stoiil  i  :  Ic.n-,  piiikisli. 

I'miali' ami  iiiiiiialiiiv  l.inN  liav   Hi.'  pciMoral  hainl 
lirowii.  anil  no  Mack  on  Ilic  lirail. 

I.rimlli.   7.I.V.    win.i;-.    l.im:    l:iil,   '-''f':    liU'Mis.    l.Ul: 
hill.  .'.111. 


.I',i;i.-ili''-  Wil-oiiia. 


Wils,.,,-.  IMcvcr  ..rcurs  l...tl.  en  ll:v  Atliinti.'  and  Pi.rilir  .'OMsts  oi  North 
\ni..ri.-n  nin.-iu"  iVuni  Lou,--  Islmi.l  Mn.l  la.w.M'  ('.•.lifnrnia  soutliwanl  to  tho 
\V,.,st    iM.li.'s   iin.l  South  Anicrira.     Sln.-LT.s  have  hem  iTcordi'.l  as  tar  north 

''''iMWn'tsth.-san.U  lH'a.'lu->an.l  Hat- often  in  nnnpany  with  other  >iH.ri.». 
I,  l.n.e.lslVon,  Vn'^ii.ia  snuthwanUh-  ne.t  hei,.^  a  mere  aeiHvssnm  .n  the 
sMU.l.  Th..  e-s  .re  u^nallv  three  in  nuinher,  .hill  white,  spotted  and  marUed 
with  ehoeohite  innwn. 


78 


SirOlIK    I'.lliDS    OK    NOIiTIi     AMKKICA. 


Sriici  MS  PODASOCYS  ('.HIS. 
/EQIALITIS   MONTANA   (  /;»//* 
Mountain   Plover. 


.Ki;i;ilili-  111111111111:1. 


Siimiinr  iiliiiii'iiii  :  l^'uri'ln'Mil  ami  -iripi' 
over  (lie  eye,  wliilr:  ;i  -Iriin'nl'  lilark  Irniii  ttic 
liilltiithi'  CM';  tiiiiii  lit  criiwii.  black:  rc-l  ul' 
iipiMT  |illiiiia;;i'.  iiiiluiliiiu'  I'ack  ami  ciuwii. 
^H'rayisli  ImlV  lin,^i'il  with  la\Mi\  :  ilinial,  wliili': 
lirrasi.  laiiilly  waslird  willi  lawny  ImtV:  n'-l  nf 
iimlci'  parts,  wliiir:  axillai-.  wliili'. 

W'inirr  iiliiiiiii'jc :  iMiliiT  upper  pliiinaL;i'.  iii- 
clmliiiu-  ciowii.  Iiiiir  may:  halluT-.  lainlly 
(Mined  witii  lawny:  tlintat.  wliilisli:  lii<'a<t, 
nmri'  ur  li'>-  iIiiuimI  with  ImlV  ur  lunw  nisli 
wliilc:  ri'st  ol'  muli'i'  part-,  piii'r  wliilc:  axil- 
lais.  \,liile. 

I.t'iiutli.  s.T.J:  win;:'.  '>■  laisn-.  l.do;  liill,  .'.15. 

"■i'l'mpiiali'  North  Anirfica  trimi  the  ni-i'at 
plains,  westward:  accidental  in  Flofida."  i,A. 
(>.  U.) 


Tlic  Mountiiin  IMovof  is  strictly  iiii  iiil;m(l  spccii's.  tiircly.  ifcvci'.  lV('(|iii«iit- 
iiin-  llio  slioics  imd  iii.-irslics  ot'tlit"  cojisl .  It  riiiiiics  tVoii)  (Viitiiil  Kiiiisus  to  llic 
IvocivV  .Moiiiitiiiiis,  iiiii-riitiiii:-  in  wiiilcf.  soiitliwiird,  to  SoiiIIumm  jiihI  Lower 
('jilifoniia  and  Mexico,  Mild  pfolialily  aloiii:'  the  (iiilf.  a-t  in  >omi('  localities, 
as  it  has  Iteen  tiiUen  in  Florida,  it  lii'eeds  iVoin  Kansas  northward  to  the 
British  ixmiidary.  The  eiigs  are  three,  "grayish  olive,  spotted  with  dark 
brown. 


<11(»I!K     l5li:i>S    OF    NOIiTII     AMKItlCA. 


Tit 


Family    AVHRV/ADM      Surf    Birds  and   Tuknstonks. 
Suin-AMii-v    APHRIZINAE.     Surf    Birds. 

(liNis   APHRIZA    Ani.uH..N. 

APHRIZA    VIROATA    ((Z//;/). 

Surf   Bird. 


A|iliii/.;i   \  irji'.-ilM. 


1,/,,//.     s,i„n„rr    r'"""".l'-     '   I'l"'''    '''"' 
\\  hitr  :  llii'  -•' 

|V;ithcrs.  Ill; 

;,„.l  s|.oll.M  Willi  '''•"■1<  ""    ''"■    '"■'•"'    " 


\|iliii/:i   \ir,L::il;i. 
,„u,,  Mivak.Ml    n.i.l   iiinlll.Ml   with   hh.fkMii.l  -ravish 


't^:":;:;:r-:'i::^:"  ■-:.:":-- -i' -""»-« 

l<-<,i;ray.  ^,.^|,,.    ,„.ownish    '^v.w  :    tlimal,    whili-li:    lnvast, 

||7»/,c  idiim^'W  :     Kiauv    u|.imi     |'.      -      ',,,„,■,,.,,  .yitti  l.n.wnisli  -lav  :  lunii., 

'"■..»..i*  .-»>-  ■■•-V, ;:;■'■  ;:;:;,:\" .  r.   M.  m"..* -i > -i,,, ». :  .^ii^..-  ».....■. 

.    ,  ,1,.,   P.i.iiic  .-..a^t  (.f    Nortli  and  Soutli   Aiucrica, 

:z :::'!:::  \ >.' u...  i„  ,.....,.„  n.,,.,  a -. 


m 


>H«ji!K  i!ii;i>s  or  NOirni   amkimca. 


SuBKAMii.v    ARliNAKliN/]^.      Tiirnsiunks. 
Gknus  ARENARIA    BKIS.S..N. 

ARENARIA    INTERPRES  (//////). 


SlIiiiiiH'r.  Arcniii'i.i  iiili'i|prr-.  Wliilrr. 

Turnstone. 

CiiiCKKN    1*1,. 'Vii;.      ISiiWT    r>ii;i>.      Cai.ko    1!  uk. 

^'iiliill  ill  siiiiiiinr  :  liciHT,-|l  U|i|iiT  |i:il'ls.  iii(i|ll<'il  Mllil  \  :i  lir^'.'it  fd  with  li|,-ick.  wliilc,  ruroll^ 
Mini  tiiwiiy:  llir'oiir  .-iiul  lircjisi,  hl.-ick  .'iinl  wliiic:  ic^i  nl  iiiidrr  |i,iii  ■.  while.  im'iI.  willi  -uIiIit- 
iiiiiiiil  li.irid  111'  liliick,  tipped  willi  \vlii(  •. 

Adiill  ill  ii-iiilir:  Alii>\'i',  li.Lfllt.  slreid^ed  ^md  iliislicd  willi  d.-iili  blow  n  ;  .in  impel  Irrl  li;ind 
of  diirk  hrovMi  .III  the  jiinidiiin  :  eliin  and  upper  11,111  dt  llie  1  hidai .  wliiie:  >ide- id  liie,.|-t.  like 
tlie  li.ieU:  ri'-l  III  llie  under  purls,  wliite:  ;i  di<liliel  wliile  li;iiid  nn  ilii.  winM-;  I'luiip,  white,  hut 
Willi  .'I  hl-ii;id  pMteh  id  li|;iek  oil  llle  upper  l.'iil  eiiverl<:  Inil.  d.irl^  lirnw  II.  llie  lip,  ;iiid  1i;i-m1  luiif 
of  t  lie  inner  Ic-ilhei-:.  and  ne,'irl>  1  wu  Ihiid-  nt  llie  niiter  leal  he  r<.  w  Idle  :  le^;-.  reildi-h  nraniie; 
hill.  Idack. 

I. (Mii;lli.  .>.;.(;:. :   win;.;-,  .'1.70 :   tail,  -J. CO:   lar-ii-.  1;   liill.  .'.1:1. 

The  'I'lifiistoiic,  ( 'liickcii    I'loNcf,  or   liraiit    IJinl,   ;i>  it    is       ^5^S:::sr— ---^ 
V!iri().i."<ly  ('tilled,  is  n  (•o.siiiojxiiiinii   species.      It  is  cniiiiiKm  011 
hofll  coii.sls  ut"  iS'oitli   .'viiicrieu,  illld    occilsi(iiiji!l\'  oceiirs    iti  the      ^nH^ni:!  iiiniiiie,. 


jliterioi'.  oil  (lie  -^liores  ol"  llie  lat'iiCf  liiUes   and    |. 


I\  CIV 


It   liiceds  III    (he    iif('(K 


SIIOI!K    lUI.'DS    (»!■•    NOIMII     AMKIIICA. 


81 


rciiidiis.  The  <"j:txs,  wliicli  iirc  iisiiiilly  t'lmi'.  ai'c  dull  cImv  color,  initrki'd  with 
pule  lirowii  or  iii'Mvisli  hiowii.  .-iiid  incisiiic  nlxxil   1   .").">  x  1.1."). 

it  i>  coiimioii  on  the  .\tl;iiitic  cojol  duriiiii'  iniLii'jitioiis.  tVccnicntiiii:' siintly 
Im'mcIics  and  llats,  xiindiino  in  >inall  llock-.  l)ii(  often  alone  oi'  with  a  sinii'lc 
e()ni|ianion. 

It  has  reeeiveil  its  name  iVoni  the  manner  in  wliieli  ii  (urn-  o\cr  small  peh- 
liles  and  >hells  while  -earehini:  i'or  the  small  ei'ii-taeean--  and  insects  n|)on 
which  it   feeds. 


ARHNARIA    MKI.ANOCKPH ALA    {17-.). 

Black    I urnstone. 

.\ihili.  siimiiKi-  i,hi)iii"/i  :  (iciirr.-il  |ilinii;iL;i'.  limw  iii-li  hl.-icl;. 
Willi  ,-1  liii-c  III  nr.'iiiuT ;  liMi'lic:iil  ;iiiil  liii'ii-t.  -lrc.'il<(Ml  witli 
w  1 1  ill':  :i  w  hill'  >|iiil  nil  I  111'  JiMi'-.  .iiul  .■!  uliitc  li:ir  (111  ilir  w  iiiii': 

l»ll>    llllil  rri~-lllll.   u  llilr. 

.\,l„ll,    irliil,  I-   1,1  innni,    :     Si  llli  l.'l  T.    lull     Im'l;-    llll'    Wllill'   111!    till' 

li'.-iij  ;iii'l  lifi'.'i-l . 

I.i'iiulli.  '.i;   Willi;-,  ."..'.)ll:   liill.   I:   l:ir-il-.   I. 

The  IMacK-   'rmii>tone   occur-  only  on   the  I'ai'ilie 
coast  of  .\oilh  America,  rani^inij;  iVoni  Point   Harrow, 
Ala>ka,to  Lowei' ( 'alifornia.      ll  iireciU  from  Alaski' 
to    r.rili-h   ('oliiml)ia.      The  e^^s   ai'e   three  or  four, 
dnil  cia\'  color,  mai'ki'd  with  dn>ky  hrown. 


'..       ll.irl.-l    llirl.ll i'|ill.l!:i 


i- 


82 


SlIORF.    lUKDS    OF    NOliTII    AAIKHIf'A . 


Famh.y    H/EMATOP()DII)yV:.     Ovstf.k-catciikks. 

Genus  HAEMATOPUS  Linn. 

H/EnATOPLI5    PALLIA! US    Tcinm. 

American  Oyster=catcher. 


^.lid^ 


W'hihc  /'hiiii'iiii.  iiiiili  :  llc:i(l 
,111(1  iii'cli.  Iiliicki^li  <ir  M'ry  il;irk 
lii'iiwii:  li;icl<,  lii'dwii :  lower  part 
111'  lirca^;!  :iii(l  rest  of  iiiiilfr  |i:ii1s. 
wliiif:  t'vcliiN,  iuiii|).  Ii|i>  <•!' 
winy;  ciivcrl-.  pari  <>(  si'i'ipinlaiii'^. 
anil  lia-al  puriiun  ul'  llic  laii  IValli- 
iT-.  \\  hill' :  liill.  rrdiii-ili  (iranj;i', 
ilarUi'iiiiii;  al  tlii'tip(iii  siiniiMcr. 
ilci'p  ii'il):   Icji's,  llcsli  fcildr. 

I.ciiiitli.  17.1(1:  Willi;-.  10. 05: 
tail.  I.;!."):  lar-ii-.  -J.liO:   hill.  ;i..")0. 


II;iiii,iIm|,ii-   |i.illi;lUl- 


Tlic  .Viiicric.'in  (  )vslci- 
cntclici'  i>  ;i  strictly  iiiiiri- 
fiiiH'  siiccics.  tVi'i|Uciitiii<; 
the  lic'iclics  and  Hats  ox- 
jKiscd  \)\  tlic  tide,  wlicro  it 
x'urclio  tnr  claii.s  and  -iiiali  liivalvo.  It  i>  iml  micoiriinoii  in  -nilalilc  Ideali- 
ties on  the  Allanlie  cdast  I'luni  .New  .Jersey  -(Hitiiw  aid,  and  on  llie  I'aeilie  side 
iVoin  I.owcr  ( 'alit'o'iiia  to  IVala-onia.  SI  raii^'lers  liioe  lieeii  taken  on  lln'  eonst 
of  Maine  and  .Mass;irlnis(  tl>.  The  ei;;:.!s  aic  laid  in  a  de|iri'>-ioii  in  the  sand. 
'I'hev  are  iisiiallx  three  or  lour,  hull' while  in  color.  Iilolelied  ;ind  spoiled  with 
ehocol  ite  iirov\ii.  and  nicasurc  al'oiit  'i.iiO  \  l.JO, 


i 


sinii.'i-;  luiiiis  OK  Noirni  .wir.iiifA. 


83 


H/eMATOJ>US    FRAZARr.     Br.-a'stn: 
Fra/.ar's  Oyster=catcher. 

( icdiii'jipliiciil  (li>t  iil)iil  iiMi  :  ■■  Lowci'  ( '■•iliionii:!  (itotli  (•((ji>ts),  iioilli.  to  Lits 
CoroiiJitlos  I>|!iih1s."'      (A.  < ).  V .) 

'I'lircc  s|(('ciiiicii>  of  this  iiilcrcsliiiL;-  spccio  were  pidcincd  l»y  Mi'.  Fi'ii/.tir 
iiortli  of  L;t  l':i/.,  on  the  (iulf  of  ( ';ilifoniia.  It  is  drsri'ilicd  as  "  diU'criiii:-  from 
tlif  Xoitli  Aiiiciicaii  l)ii(l  ill  lia\  iiii:'  a  .-toiitcr  and  inoic  dcprcsx'd  liill,  littli;  or 
MO  wliilc  on  tlic  ('yclid>:  the  liacU.  sra|iulai-,  and  wiiiLi-covcits.  richer  and 
dc('|)(>r  hrown,  the  iiriinarics  and  tail  f('athcr>.  larUrr  :  the  npjx'r  tail-i'()V<'rts, 
more  or  less  \arif<l  with  liiow  n  and  while  :  the  lateral  under  tail-eovert>.  marke(l 
with  lii'own  :  the  heiid  of  the  wiiii;  and  Lireater  under  primary  eoveits,  mottled 
with  hlaek  and  white:  tVoin  the  (lalapaizos  sjieeio  in  tlii'  rather  shoi'ter  hill 
iind  distinctly  hrown  (instead  of  sooty  hlaek)  hack,  scapulars  and  winii-coverts, 
dark  niarkiiiLis  mi  the  under  tail-covcits.  and  the  nfeatcr  amount  of  white  on 
the  under  primary  co\('rt>:  t'r<iin  Itotli  the  ahove-nieiit iolied  species  in  the 
hroad  zone  of  mottled  lilack  and  white  t'cather-  cxteiidiiiL;-  across  the  iireast. 
Kxtreme  measurements,  three  >pecimeiis,  all  males:  winjj;'.  iL7">  to  lO.iiT:  tail. 
;5.!K)  to  1.2i>:  tai>us.  I'.ls  to  l^.")<l:  hill,  leiiiith  from  nostril,  •l:■V.^  to  i'..")7  :  from 
feathers.  2. !)!t  to  .i.ort  :  depth  at  allele,  lH. •');',. "  (  IJrewster,  Auk.  \'.,,Iaii.. 
l.S,S,S,  p.  SI.  ) 


H/KriATOPUS   BACHriANI     \iui. 
Blavk  Oyster-catcher. 

.\,hOt.     Sj,.  <  Inir.  :    llfail  Mini  iicck.  Iil.'ick  :   rr-l  oT  |iluiii.i,:;<'.  'lark  limun  mi   tir..\\ni-li  hlaek  : 
Mil.  \('iiniliiiii  ii'il :   lcn~  ami  Ici'i.  Ili'»li  I'lilcM  . 

I,,ii.ulli.  iil..")(i:  wins. '.'.20;  ltilU-J.7n:  i;u>-a-,  l.m. 

(ieoiinipliieal   di«>tw''ntk>ii  :     "  PactHr    coast    .if    North    .Vinerica.    from    the 
.\loiiti!ui  Islaivdv  h.  Ka  W/ .  Lowvr  ( "alilorni.i."      (A.  ().  V.) 


I 

i 


«4 


^llltllK     r.lUDS    or     NOIMll     AMKKICA. 


m- 


.  pvf'  yi 


.I:ir:ni;i-. 


slIOl.i:    I'.lliDS    (»I-    NOinil     AMKIMCA. 


85 


S'T5??:^> 


Family    J ACANlD/l-:. 

JACANA    SPINOSA   (l.inu.). 

Mexican   Jacana, 

Sp.  rliiir.     Aihili  iiiiili' :    Kill  Mini  i'(iiiili, 
p.ili' iir.iniLc:   li.in-   ^Kin   ,il  liic  liiisc  of  tlie 
liiwtT  iiiMiidililr,   pule  liliiisli   wliiti-;  lifiid, 
'.^■Hlpit                luck.    .111(1    ii|i|M'r    lirciist.    (liirk,    lustnnis 
'■■i 11 :    liMck    Mild    wiii^'    ciivcrl*.    purple, 


.l:lc;iMM    -|iiMu-:i. 


sliMdiini'  iiiin  ru'li  ,ii<ild('ii  lirowii  iiciir  llie 
riiiiip:  rump  Mini  ImII  I'uvi'il^.  piirplf; 
umliT  pMits.  dink  piiipli'.  slmw  iiii;'  m  liiij;(! 
(d  (kirk  nifdiis  (III  llic  ciissiim:  iiKist  (d' 
llic  priiiiMrics  .'iiid  >('i.'(>ii(k'iri('s.  y(dl(i\v. 
,.docd   N\illi   hicvMi:  iMil.   iiilcu-   l(r.(\vii:  cmtpmI   ^pur     m    Imriiy   spur  on   liciid  .d'  win-).   pMlc 

(ii-Miiizc  :   Ic--'  :ii"l  ''''■'•  ''""  "li^''- 

r.cii-lli.  It:   win-.  •">:  ImII.  •-'.2.-) :  lMr<ii<. 'J.-Jd :  liill.  l.;(ll. 

'I'll.'  iiniiintiuv  i)liiiii:i,i:v  i>  vciy  (lillciviil,  l)iit  llic  l»inl  in  miiv  plimia-!*'  i-iiu 
iKudly  1k'  coiifoimdcd  with  :iny  oilier  XoHli  .ViiuM'iriiii  spcfios, 

(;'(.(.-r:il>lii(!il  (listi'iluilioii:  "I^owcr  Kio  (iriiiidc  N'allcy,  Texas,  south  to 
I'aiiaiiia,  ("uha  and  llayti."     (A.  O.  U.) 

The  .laeaiia  is  iiiveii  a  place  aiiioiii--  our  birds  from  its  casual  occurrence  in 
ll„.  Lower  Kio  (irande  Valley,  K  is  a  iVesh  water  species.  lVe.|Ucntin-  the 
ponds  and  creeks. 


iisriDEx: 


A. 


Aclili>  iiiiii'iiliii'i.'i 

AclcHlldlllll-       .        . 

.Iv4iillill>       .      .      . 
IIII'Ih.I.'I  .      . 

citcuilir 
lllcilllllllll      .      . 
UiVKKll     .      .      . 

>rii>i|i,'iliiiiil:i 

MM-ili'iii      .     . 

wilMiniii     .     . 
Aliu'iiiiili  Aviirrl 

IMiiiliii  .     .     . 

(t,\  >li'f  r.ilclii  r 

W Ic'uck 

Apliii/.i  .... 

vir;;:ili'i  .     .     . 
Aii'ii:iii.i  iMli'i|iic'> 

ii>('I.'|||<i('('|>IimI.'I 

.\l'l|ILlll'll.'l    .      .      . 

.\\ I      .... 


iiK 

t;i 

r.:iii'i|'-  ■•:iiiil|ii|M'r  .  . 
ISMiii'.'iiniM  liiii^'iriiiiclii 
ItMiliinii'-  S:inil|iilii'i- 

I'x'I'lll'   ill'Mil      .... 

IScIIimI  l'i|iiiii;-  I'liu.T 
lil;icU  lifllir.l  I'luvci-  . 
IH:ick  liii',i>l  I'loM'f    . 

ItlllcU  'I'lilllslllMC        .       . 

liliirk  0\>I.T(  .■ilrlii'i' 
Uliiik  iii'ck.'il  Mill  .  . 
Itriiiil  liini  .  .  .  . 
Itiiiw  n  li:ick  .  .  . 
ISiilt  liri':i>ii'.|  S:iiiiliii|M 
Hull  I'ffi 


B. 


C 


Clllii'aliilck       .     . 
riiliilii>  MiTiiiiriii 


I'Alll. 

hi; 
71 
711 
711 
71 
.•(.•| 

IS 


17 

111 
111 


."I 

,s:! 


Ml 
II 
II.') 
.'ill 


SO 

m     I 


I'Ai.i; 

I  li;ii;ii|iiii|;i' 71 

I  liar.iiliili-       7l' 

iliiiiiinii'ii- 71! 

-iliiiiliirol.'i 7'- 

I  liiiki'ii  I'liiv  I'f .so 

<  i>  iiiiiiihilii>  liilic:ii  ill- :i-.' 

I'lllil'W  Sl|lHl|li|llM- ."ill 

us 

lis 

117 

117 

711 


.liirk  .  .  . 
Iliiil-ciiikiii 
l,..n.i;'  l.illr.l 
.sii-klc  hill  . 
K-kiii 


D. 


Ilur  iliril  . 
|)iiii-li  liii'l 
Diiwitilici-  . 
jliinliii      .     . 


E. 


Kn;irll-li  Sni|M' 
KiviMicl.-    .     .     . 

IM'Ci.ll'llhlli^     . 

|iii-illii>      .     . 
K-kiiMci  I'm  Irw    . 
Kiirii|iriiM  Hiiiiliii 
Kiini|>i'iiii  Kiill 
Kiiriiin'Mii  W Ici 


F. 


l-i.'l.l   l'l..vci- 

H'r:i/^:ii'>  1 1\  -lr|-  I  :ilrlnT 


G. 


(■nlliii.'i^'M  ili'Th'.'ilM   . 
liiMlwil,  lliKlMiiiiaii 

(■IHJwIt.    IIIMI'llll'll 

(Iiildl'll   I'lnvci'     .     . 
(i(Mi>c'liii(l  111'  (imluil 
(Iiii--  ISinI  .... 


711 
711 
41 
111 


111,  III 
.■|| 


4'.l 

ll'J 

:S!i 


«4 


:v.i 
■)ii 

.^4 
71! 
.■|4 
4o 


88 


INDKX. 


(irny  l'liiiliirii|ic  .  .  . 
(iri'iilcr  ^I'MiiH  Icffs  . 
(iit'cii  l'lu\  rr  .... 
(Jiri'ii  shtiiik  .... 
(iiitlri-  Siilpi.    .... 


7:1 

mi 


O. 


H.  I 

ll;riiiMl(i|ii"lii|:r .x-J 

ll:rMi.Mlo|iii>  |iiilli;ilu> s-.' 

Ih'tiM-iiiMilis  iiiciimis Ill 

llliiiMiili<|iiis  ijii'xli'.'inii^ .'IT       I 

lliii|>iiiii,-Mi  <  iirli'W I!,"!       i 

lliMl.'-iiiiiMn  (imlwit .v. 

iliiiiiilit\ .  (II-  (Jdihvil ,",(; 

lliiniililv       (ill 


J. 


.liicjinii s.'i 

spiiKisii si,  ,S'j 


.liirk  (  iirlcw    .     . 
.lack  Siii|u'  .     .     . 


K. 


KilMcc     .     . 

KillllciT  l-liivi 
Ixiiiil     .     .     . 


.'I'.r 


74 
74 


I.t'iist  Siini||ili»'r 4>< 

l.iiiiicolii' :{| 

l.ini(i>,'i ,-,4 

l'''l":i '.     .  .-.4 

li:rliiM>licM ,-,(; 

lii|ili(iiiic;i  liiiiii'ri .-,.-, 


I.iiii;;  liilli'il  Dowili'licr 


117 
II 


M. 

Mari()iliiniiiiliii> 41 

Kii^'Mis 41 

scildimccii.- 41 

M;iililf(l  (iuilwil .-,4 

Mii'i'iipiil.'iiiiM  liiiii;iiiti>|iii> 4.J 

>I<iiinlMhi  rinvcf 7,s 

.M;nlin -^1 

N. 

Nortlicrn  I'liiilJiroiir :(;j 

.N'iiin('niii> (;7 

'""•'■■'ili> TO 

Innlsdiiicus (IX 

liiM^'irdstris (;; 


l'.\(iK. 

(IV-IlT  (    .•llclllT «■.>,, S.l 


I'llVdiiccllii  |iii;;m.'i\ 
I'l'ilnnil  SillMl{ii|ii'l' 

I'tT)! 

I'cllllllM 

IMi.Ml;n-(.|H'-       .     ,     . 


Il'i 
l.'i 

lii 
;!l 


l'lial;Mn|ir.  lie, I ;{■> 

(•i:\\       ;l'J 

Nni-ilii'iii ;!:i 

Wil-i.ir- ;14 

riiiil,'ifii|iii|a' Ill 

lciliaiii,< :i;i 

irji'dldi' ;i4 

riiilulicl;i  iiiliioi'       .'l.s 


l'lll|i|c  SiUli||ii|ll'T' 
I'lilV  IT.    (  ilci'll 

<i..|.lrii  ... 
Ui'licil  I'liiiii- 
Itlack  lii'llii'il 
r.l.'ick  lirca-li'il  , 
KicM      .     .     .     . 
KilMcci-     .     . 
Miiiiiilaiii  .     . 
ri|ilntr  .     .     .    . 
Kiiii;- neck      .     . 
>I111U\     .      .      .      . 
.■"i-lnilialin.-ilnl   . 
rpk'iiiil       .     .     . 
\Vil-(iir-    .     .     . 


R. 


Hci'iiiv  ii-o-iiii  .■iiiii'tii- 
l!ci|  Mailiii  .  .  . 
Ilcil  rMal.'ii'n|>('  .  . 
Kcil  lili'.a.-lrij  Slii|ic 
Ifcil-liackcij  Saiiii|ii|ii 
l!h>iif(i|iliilii>  .  . 
Wiii.tr-iifck  .... 
liiiliiii  Siii|M'  .  .  , 
Itiill      


s. 


.>^:iiiil('i-|iiij;- 

S;niiliii|icf,  r.aiu.iiiiiaii  cr  ll.utrainV 

liainl's 

liiitr  liri';i-ti'il 


44 
7.1 
7;! 


.'lll.'l 
'I'  . 

I.I 
7.'i 
7(i 
7."i 
(H 


:i.-. 
.-14 
:w 
41 
4!l 


41! 


.     .  .-it 

.      .  IM 

■     .  47 

.     .  (I."i 

<    lllll'W ,-,|) 

'■'■••i-l 4s 

I'i'ClcilIll 4;, 

l'lli|ilc 44 

linl  liackc'il 4), 

UcclliTC'l^lccI 4;[ 

^•t'lMiiialiiiali-il ;,  1 


INDFA. 


fi'J 


.S|iiiil|il|ii'i',  —  Ciiiilliiiiiil. 

"*iilUiii\ 

S|Millrr|        

Mill 

\\  I'-icni  -niiiiiiiliii^ili'il 

Wlilh-  lliiii|ir<l   .     .     .     . 

-•(■iilii|iiii'|i|;i' 

■•i-cilci|iii\  I  li-lii-(i|ii  .     .     .     . 


■•iMIlililllllllllril  s^iinlliilH'l' .'il 

■^U\W  liill  (  liilrw (IT 

•"iiiiiiIiumI.i T'J 

»1iilii' :',!*, M 

Slll'ttV    I'lllMT "li 

>iiIUMI>   '»illic||pi|ll'|- .V.I 

S|MiltCl|  »;iiii||ii|M\' (Id 

Mill :i.-. 

Still  Sniiil|ilipri' 4'.' 

.Sliiiic  (iirli'H (Ill 

SiimihiT  Villiiw  liu- .'iS 

Siirl   llinl T'.l 

S\  iii|>lirnilii  ■.i'iiii|i.'iliiuilM (Ill 

"  "  iniiriiiitM (II 


I'AiiK       I         riili>.'(i  -  rM/(//»H(i/. 
iil|iliiii  |i;ic'illi'a 
li:iir>lll   .     .     . 
r.'llllllll-       .     . 
rn'i'ii^iiii'.'i 
rii-clnilll- 
lllilriiliitii    .     , 
liiliriliiiiii    .     . 
iiiililllllhi    .     . 
'i'lv  iiirilc-  -iilinilli'olll 
'I'lini-liiiic 


.'ill 

III; 
li 
.-.I 
Hi 

;!x 
:i!i 


'riiiMiiii-  .    . 

imIi|ii|iI|> 

llM\i|H'- 
nirhiliiili'iii 

MC'lilll.Uill- 
^<l|il:M■ill-     . 

'I'll  11)111     .    . 

lllpllLl      . 


T. 


■111 


u. 


I   |.|.'iii<l  I'lin. 


V. 


WmihIi  riiifi- 'I'.'ittliT      .     .     . 

\\  C-lllll    |!ci|    llI•l■.•l^ll■l|    ""llillC 

>i'iiil|iiiliM;M('i|  Siiiiil|i||ii.r 
Willc-I 

While  llllil|ici|  S;iiii||ii|iri-    . 

WIImhi'^  >iii|ii' 

I'lllMT 

rii:iliiici|ic 

Willil 

WilitcT  \f\U>\\   Irir-     .     .     . 
WcHiilc'iH  k 


Y. 


Vrllnw  Icj 


■\i.l. 

■Ill 
III 
4.1 
Till 

Hi 

4,-. 
44 
4» 

il.'i 
.•^11 


Ii4 


111 
41 


.ij 


III 
4(1 

I!  1,4(1 


(III 
-.it* 


7,  .-iH 


